TY - JOUR
T1 - Tracing the HIV-1 subtype B mobility in Europe
T2 - A phylogeographic approach
AU - Paraskevis, Dimitrios
AU - Pybus, Oliver
AU - Magiorkinis, Gkikas
AU - Hatzakis, Angelos
AU - Wensing, Annemarie M.J.
AU - van de Vijver, David A.
AU - Albert, Jan
AU - Angarano, Guiseppe
AU - Åsjö, Birgitta
AU - Balotta, Claudia
AU - Boeri, Enzo
AU - Camacho, Ricardo
AU - Chaix, Marie Laure
AU - Coughlan, Suzie
AU - Costagliola, Dominique
AU - De Luca, Andrea
AU - de Mendoza, Carmen
AU - Derdelinckx, Inge
AU - Grossman, Zehava
AU - Hamouda, Osama
AU - Hoepelman, I. M.
AU - Horban, Andrzej
AU - Korn, Klaus
AU - Kücherer, Claudia
AU - Leitner, Thomas
AU - Loveday, Clive
AU - MacRae, Eilidh
AU - Maljovic-Berry, Inam
AU - Meyer, Laurence
AU - Nielsen, Claus
AU - Op de Coul, Eline L.M.
AU - Ormaasen, Vidar
AU - Perrin, Luc
AU - Puchhammer-Stöckl, Elisabeth
AU - Ruiz, Lidia
AU - Salminen, Mika O.
AU - Schmit, Jean Claude
AU - Schuurman, Rob
AU - Soriano, Vincent
AU - Stanczak, J.
AU - Stanojevic, Maja
AU - Struck, Daniel
AU - Van Laethem, Kristel
AU - Violin, M.
AU - Yerly, Sabine
AU - Zazzi, Maurizio
AU - Boucher, Charles A.
AU - Vandamme, Anne Mieke
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the patients and doctors throughout Europe, for their consent and support for the study. The study was supported in part the European Commission (QLK2-CT-2001-01344) by the Hellenic Scientific Society for the Study of AIDS and STDs, by the Belgian AIDS Reference Laboratory fund and the Belgian Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (F.W.O. nr G.0611.09). We wish to acknowledge Maria Detsika for editing the text.
PY - 2009/5/20
Y1 - 2009/5/20
N2 - Background: The prevalence and the origin of HIV-1 subtype B, the most prevalent circulating clade among the long-term residents in Europe, have been studied extensively. However the spatial diffusion of the epidemic from the perspective of the virus has not previously been traced. Results: In the current study we inferred the migration history of HIV-1 subtype B by way of a phylogeography of viral sequences sampled from 16 European countries and Israel. Migration events were inferred from viral phylogenies by character reconstruction using parsimony. With regard to the spatial dispersal of the HIV subtype B sequences across viral phylogenies, in most of the countries in Europe the epidemic was introduced by multiple sources and subsequently spread within local networks. Poland provides an exception where most of the infections were the result of a single point introduction. According to the significant migratory pathways, we show that there are considerable differences across Europe. Specifically, Greece, Portugal, Serbia and Spain, provide sources shedding HIV-1; Austria, Belgium and Luxembourg, on the other hand, are migratory targets, while for Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK we inferred significant bidirectional migration. For Poland no significant migratory pathways were inferred. Conclusion: Subtype B phylogeographies provide a new insight about the geographical distribution of viral lineages, as well as the significant pathways of virus dispersal across Europe, suggesting that intervention strategies should also address tourists, travellers and migrants.
AB - Background: The prevalence and the origin of HIV-1 subtype B, the most prevalent circulating clade among the long-term residents in Europe, have been studied extensively. However the spatial diffusion of the epidemic from the perspective of the virus has not previously been traced. Results: In the current study we inferred the migration history of HIV-1 subtype B by way of a phylogeography of viral sequences sampled from 16 European countries and Israel. Migration events were inferred from viral phylogenies by character reconstruction using parsimony. With regard to the spatial dispersal of the HIV subtype B sequences across viral phylogenies, in most of the countries in Europe the epidemic was introduced by multiple sources and subsequently spread within local networks. Poland provides an exception where most of the infections were the result of a single point introduction. According to the significant migratory pathways, we show that there are considerable differences across Europe. Specifically, Greece, Portugal, Serbia and Spain, provide sources shedding HIV-1; Austria, Belgium and Luxembourg, on the other hand, are migratory targets, while for Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK we inferred significant bidirectional migration. For Poland no significant migratory pathways were inferred. Conclusion: Subtype B phylogeographies provide a new insight about the geographical distribution of viral lineages, as well as the significant pathways of virus dispersal across Europe, suggesting that intervention strategies should also address tourists, travellers and migrants.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=68349143128&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/1742-4690-6-49
DO - 10.1186/1742-4690-6-49
M3 - Article
C2 - 19457244
AN - SCOPUS:68349143128
SN - 1742-4690
VL - 6
JO - Retrovirology
JF - Retrovirology
M1 - 49
ER -