TY - JOUR
T1 - 1H NMR Metabolic Profiling of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Coelomic Fluid, Coelomocytes, and Tissue
T2 - Identification of a New Metabolite - Malylglutamate
AU - Griffith, Corey M.
AU - Williams, Preston B.
AU - Tinoco, Luzineide W.
AU - Dinges, Meredith M.
AU - Wang, Yinsheng
AU - Larive, Cynthia K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2017/9/1
Y1 - 2017/9/1
N2 - Earthworm metabolism is recognized as a useful tool for monitoring environmental insults and measuring ecotoxicity, yet extensive earthworm metabolic profiling using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been limited in scope. This study aims to expand the embedded metabolic material in earthworm coelomic fluid, coelomocytes, and tissue to aid systems toxicology research. Fifty-nine metabolites within Eisenia fetida were identified, with 47 detected in coelomic fluid, 41 in coelomocytes, and 54 in whole-worm samples and tissue extracts. The newly detected but known metabolites 2-aminobutyrate, nicotinurate, Nδ,Nδ,Nδ-trimethylornithine, and trigonelline are reported along with a novel compound, malylglutamate, elucidated using 2D NMR and high-resolution MS/MS. We postulate that malylglutamate acts as a glutamate/malate store, chelator, and anionic osmolyte and helps to provide electrolyte balance.
AB - Earthworm metabolism is recognized as a useful tool for monitoring environmental insults and measuring ecotoxicity, yet extensive earthworm metabolic profiling using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been limited in scope. This study aims to expand the embedded metabolic material in earthworm coelomic fluid, coelomocytes, and tissue to aid systems toxicology research. Fifty-nine metabolites within Eisenia fetida were identified, with 47 detected in coelomic fluid, 41 in coelomocytes, and 54 in whole-worm samples and tissue extracts. The newly detected but known metabolites 2-aminobutyrate, nicotinurate, Nδ,Nδ,Nδ-trimethylornithine, and trigonelline are reported along with a novel compound, malylglutamate, elucidated using 2D NMR and high-resolution MS/MS. We postulate that malylglutamate acts as a glutamate/malate store, chelator, and anionic osmolyte and helps to provide electrolyte balance.
KW - coelomic fluid
KW - coelomocytes
KW - earthworm
KW - high-resolution MS/MS
KW - malylglutamate
KW - metabolomics
KW - NMR spectroscopy
KW - structural elucidation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85028745250&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00439
DO - 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00439
M3 - Article
C2 - 28753027
AN - SCOPUS:85028745250
SN - 1535-3893
VL - 16
SP - 3407
EP - 3418
JO - Journal of Proteome Research
JF - Journal of Proteome Research
IS - 9
ER -