Sex and age differences in the association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein and all-cause mortality: A 12-year prospective cohort study

To explore the influence of age on hs-CRP among men and women and investigate the impact of hs-CRP on all-cause death, this prospective cohort enrolled 4128 community adults from 2009 to 2022 for all-cause death. Age and sex-specific hs-CRP percentile curves were generated using the GAMLSS method. Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis was applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). During the follow-up with a median of 12.59 years, 701 cases of all-cause death were identified. Among men, the smoothed centile curves of hs-CRP gradually increased from age 35 onwards whereas, the smoothed centile curves of hs-CRP continuously increased as age increased among women. Compared with the reference group, the adjusted HR of the association between elevated hs-CRP and all-cause death was 1.33 (95 % CI: 1.11–1.61). The adjusted HRs of the associations between elevated hs-CRP and all-cause death were higher in women [1.40 (95 % CI: 1.07–1.83)] than men [1.28 (95 % CI: 0.99–1.65) and in subjects aged < 65 years [1.77 (95 % CI: 1.19–2.62)] than in subjects aged ≥ 65 years [1.27 (95 % CI: 1.03–1.57)]. Our findings highlight the need of investigating sex and age differences in biological pathways that link inflammation and mortality.