TY - JOUR
T1 - Seroprevalence of measles, mumps, and rubella and genetic characterization of mumps virus in Khartoum, Sudan
AU - Adam, Omer
AU - Musa, Ahmed
AU - Kamer, Amani
AU - Sausy, Aurélie
AU - Tisserand, Elsa
AU - Hübschen, Judith M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs and the Luxembourg Institute of Health in the framework of the “Microbiology for Development” project. The funders had no role in the study design, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Background: In Sudan, neither mumps nor rubella vaccines are currently used and comprehensive data on the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps, and rubella (M.M.R), as well as information about circulating mumps virus genotypes, are lacking. Methods: In 2015/2016, dried blood spot samples were collected from 294 children, 153 adults from the general population, and 241 healthcare workers (HCWs) from Khartoum. The samples were investigated for M.M.R IgG antibodies using ELISA. Oral fluid samples from 16 clinical mumps cases collected in 2017 were characterized by RT-PCR and sequencing. Results: The seroprevalence of M.M.R antibodies among children was 93.5%, 63.6%, and 55.8%, while it was 93.5%, 90.8%, and 94.1% among adult volunteers and 99.2%, 97.1%, and 97.9% among HCWs. A high measles seroprevalence was observed among all children age groups, suggesting an effective control programme, while the mumps and rubella seroprevalence increased significantly with age (p < 0.001), documenting active wild-type circulation. Our results demonstrated higher M.M.R seropositivity rates and IgG titres in HCWs compared to adult volunteers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of genotype C mumps virus for the first time in Sudan. Conclusions: The study findings provided new information on M.M.R epidemiology in Sudan, which may guide future control programmes in the country.
AB - Background: In Sudan, neither mumps nor rubella vaccines are currently used and comprehensive data on the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps, and rubella (M.M.R), as well as information about circulating mumps virus genotypes, are lacking. Methods: In 2015/2016, dried blood spot samples were collected from 294 children, 153 adults from the general population, and 241 healthcare workers (HCWs) from Khartoum. The samples were investigated for M.M.R IgG antibodies using ELISA. Oral fluid samples from 16 clinical mumps cases collected in 2017 were characterized by RT-PCR and sequencing. Results: The seroprevalence of M.M.R antibodies among children was 93.5%, 63.6%, and 55.8%, while it was 93.5%, 90.8%, and 94.1% among adult volunteers and 99.2%, 97.1%, and 97.9% among HCWs. A high measles seroprevalence was observed among all children age groups, suggesting an effective control programme, while the mumps and rubella seroprevalence increased significantly with age (p < 0.001), documenting active wild-type circulation. Our results demonstrated higher M.M.R seropositivity rates and IgG titres in HCWs compared to adult volunteers. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of genotype C mumps virus for the first time in Sudan. Conclusions: The study findings provided new information on M.M.R epidemiology in Sudan, which may guide future control programmes in the country.
KW - Genotype
KW - Measles
KW - Mumps
KW - Rubella
KW - Seroprevalence
KW - Sudan
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076424573&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.11.019
DO - 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.11.019
M3 - Article
C2 - 31759167
AN - SCOPUS:85076424573
SN - 1201-9712
VL - 91
SP - 87
EP - 93
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
ER -