TY - JOUR
T1 - Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for manganese
AU - Turck, Dominique
AU - Bohn, Torsten
AU - Castenmiller, Jacqueline
AU - de Henauw, Stefaan
AU - Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico
AU - Knutsen, Helle Katrine
AU - Maciuk, Alexandre
AU - Mangelsdorf, Inge
AU - McArdle, Harry J.
AU - Pentieva, Kristina
AU - Siani, Alfonso
AU - Thies, Frank
AU - Tsabouri, Sophia
AU - Vinceti, Marco
AU - Bornhorst, Julia
AU - Cubadda, Francesco
AU - Dopter, Aymeric
AU - FitzGerald, Rex
AU - de Sesmaisons Lecarré, Agnès
AU - das Neves Ferreira, Pedro
AU - Fabiani, Lucia
AU - Horvath, Zsuzsanna
AU - Matijević, Leonard
AU - Naska, Androniki
AU - EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA)
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
PY - 2023/12/8
Y1 - 2023/12/8
N2 - Following a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for manganese. Systematic reviews of the literature of human and animal data were conducted to assess evidence regarding excess manganese intake (including authorised manganese salts) and the priority adverse health effect, i.e. manganese-induced neurotoxicity. Available human and animal studies support neurotoxicity as a critical effect, however, data are not sufficient and suitable to characterise a dose–response relationship and identify a reference point for manganese-induced neurotoxicity. In the absence of adequate data to establish an UL, estimated background dietary intakes (i.e. manganese intakes from natural dietary sources only) observed among high consumers (95th percentile) were used to provide an indication of the highest level of intake where there is reasonable confidence on the absence of adverse effects. A safe level of intake of 8 mg/day was established for adults ≥ 18 years (including pregnant and lactating women) and ranged between 2 and 7 mg/day for other population groups. The application of the safe level of intake is more limited than an UL because the intake level at which the risk of adverse effects starts to increase is not defined.
AB - Following a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for manganese. Systematic reviews of the literature of human and animal data were conducted to assess evidence regarding excess manganese intake (including authorised manganese salts) and the priority adverse health effect, i.e. manganese-induced neurotoxicity. Available human and animal studies support neurotoxicity as a critical effect, however, data are not sufficient and suitable to characterise a dose–response relationship and identify a reference point for manganese-induced neurotoxicity. In the absence of adequate data to establish an UL, estimated background dietary intakes (i.e. manganese intakes from natural dietary sources only) observed among high consumers (95th percentile) were used to provide an indication of the highest level of intake where there is reasonable confidence on the absence of adverse effects. A safe level of intake of 8 mg/day was established for adults ≥ 18 years (including pregnant and lactating women) and ranged between 2 and 7 mg/day for other population groups. The application of the safe level of intake is more limited than an UL because the intake level at which the risk of adverse effects starts to increase is not defined.
KW - UL
KW - manganese
KW - safe level of intake
KW - tolerable upper intake level
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85179337939&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38075631
U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8413
DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8413
M3 - Article
C2 - 38075631
AN - SCOPUS:85179337939
SN - 1831-4732
VL - 21
JO - EFSA Journal
JF - EFSA Journal
IS - 12
M1 - e8413
ER -