Replacement of sublineages of avian influenza (H5N1) by reassortments, sub-Saharan Africa

Ademola A. Owoade; Nancy A. Gerloff; Mariette F. Ducatez; Jolaoso O. Taiwo; Jacques R. Kremer; Claude P. Muller

doi:10.3201/eid1411.080555

Replacement of sublineages of avian influenza (H5N1) by reassortments, sub-Saharan Africa

Ademola A. Owoade, Nancy A. Gerloff, Mariette F. Ducatez, Jolaoso O. Taiwo, Jacques R. Kremer, Claude P. Muller

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Eight new full-length sequences from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) from 4 states in southwest Nigeria were analyzed. All gene sequences were more closely related to the first strains found in Nigeria in 2006 than to any strain found outside the country. Six viruses had evolved by at least 3 reassortment events (AC_HA/NS, AC_NS) from previously identified sublineages A (EMA 2) and C (EMA 1). Our results suggest that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) initially imported into Nigeria in 2006 have been gradually replaced by various reassortments. In all reassortants, nonstructural genes were derived from sublineage C with 2 characteristic amino acids (compared with sublineage A). If the high prevalence of reassortants was typical for West Africa in 2007, the absence of such reassortants anywhere else suggests that reintroductions of influenza A (H5N1) from Africa into Eurasia must be rare.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1731-1735
Number of pages	5
Journal	Emerging Infectious Diseases
Volume	14
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1411.080555
Publication status	Published - Nov 2008

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title = "Replacement of sublineages of avian influenza (H5N1) by reassortments, sub-Saharan Africa",

abstract = "Eight new full-length sequences from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) from 4 states in southwest Nigeria were analyzed. All gene sequences were more closely related to the first strains found in Nigeria in 2006 than to any strain found outside the country. Six viruses had evolved by at least 3 reassortment events (ACHA/NS, ACNS) from previously identified sublineages A (EMA 2) and C (EMA 1). Our results suggest that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) initially imported into Nigeria in 2006 have been gradually replaced by various reassortments. In all reassortants, nonstructural genes were derived from sublineage C with 2 characteristic amino acids (compared with sublineage A). If the high prevalence of reassortants was typical for West Africa in 2007, the absence of such reassortants anywhere else suggests that reintroductions of influenza A (H5N1) from Africa into Eurasia must be rare.",

author = "Owoade, {Ademola A.} and Gerloff, {Nancy A.} and Ducatez, {Mariette F.} and Taiwo, {Jolaoso O.} and Kremer, {Jacques R.} and Muller, {Claude P.}",

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AU - Owoade, Ademola A.

AU - Gerloff, Nancy A.

AU - Ducatez, Mariette F.

AU - Taiwo, Jolaoso O.

AU - Kremer, Jacques R.

AU - Muller, Claude P.

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N2 - Eight new full-length sequences from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) from 4 states in southwest Nigeria were analyzed. All gene sequences were more closely related to the first strains found in Nigeria in 2006 than to any strain found outside the country. Six viruses had evolved by at least 3 reassortment events (ACHA/NS, ACNS) from previously identified sublineages A (EMA 2) and C (EMA 1). Our results suggest that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) initially imported into Nigeria in 2006 have been gradually replaced by various reassortments. In all reassortants, nonstructural genes were derived from sublineage C with 2 characteristic amino acids (compared with sublineage A). If the high prevalence of reassortants was typical for West Africa in 2007, the absence of such reassortants anywhere else suggests that reintroductions of influenza A (H5N1) from Africa into Eurasia must be rare.

AB - Eight new full-length sequences from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) from 4 states in southwest Nigeria were analyzed. All gene sequences were more closely related to the first strains found in Nigeria in 2006 than to any strain found outside the country. Six viruses had evolved by at least 3 reassortment events (ACHA/NS, ACNS) from previously identified sublineages A (EMA 2) and C (EMA 1). Our results suggest that highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) initially imported into Nigeria in 2006 have been gradually replaced by various reassortments. In all reassortants, nonstructural genes were derived from sublineage C with 2 characteristic amino acids (compared with sublineage A). If the high prevalence of reassortants was typical for West Africa in 2007, the absence of such reassortants anywhere else suggests that reintroductions of influenza A (H5N1) from Africa into Eurasia must be rare.

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Replacement of sublineages of avian influenza (H5N1) by reassortments, sub-Saharan Africa

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