Prevention of infective endocarditis and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: A brief review

Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez*, Alexandre Franco-Miranda, Alejandra Loyola-Leyva, Bulfrano Perez-Elizalde, Guillermo Contreras-Palma, Oscar Sanchez-Adame

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The purpose of this statement is to debate the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA) for the prevention of infective endocarditis through an antibiotic prophylaxis protocol and its relation with bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Since dental infections involve biofilms that include several bacterial species (Gram-negative and Gram-positive), it is essential, from the dental point of view, to consider the frequency, magnitude, and duration of bacteremia associated with active dental infections before applying antibiotic prophylaxis. The actual guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis should be revised according to recent evidence of bacterial resistance. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and moxifloxacin should be considered due to their effectiveness against bacteria associated with oral, GU, and GI infections and the low rates of antibiotic resistance associated with these antibiotics, instead of the actual protocol, which includes amoxicillin (2 g) or clindamycin (600 mg) administered an hour before the dental procedures. The breaking point to test the antibiotic bacterial resistance (ABR) had a wide range in the different studies that were analyzed, which could explain the widely varied ABR percentages reported for the various antibiotics used for antibiotic prophylaxis.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)603-609
Number of pages7
JournalSpecial Care in Dentistry
Volume39
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • infection control
  • microbiology
  • public health dentistry

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