TY - JOUR
T1 - Nut intake and 5-year changes in body weight and obesity risk in adults
T2 - results from the EPIC-PANACEA study
AU - Freisling, Heinz
AU - Noh, Hwayoung
AU - Slimani, Nadia
AU - Chajès, Véronique
AU - May, Anne M.
AU - Peeters, Petra H.
AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete
AU - Cross, Amanda J.
AU - Skeie, Guri
AU - Jenab, Mazda
AU - Mancini, Francesca R.
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
AU - Fagherazzi, Guy
AU - Katzke, Verena A.
AU - Kühn, Tilman
AU - Steffen, Annika
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Kyrø, Cecilie
AU - Hansen, Camilla P.
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Duell, Eric J.
AU - Redondo-Sánchez, Daniel
AU - Amiano, Pilar
AU - Navarro, Carmen
AU - Barricarte, Aurelio
AU - Perez-Cornago, Aurora
AU - Tsilidis, Konstantinos K.
AU - Aune, Dagfinn
AU - Ward, Heather
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Naska, Androniki
AU - Orfanos, Philippos
AU - Masala, Giovanna
AU - Agnoli, Claudia
AU - Berrino, Franco
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Sacerdote, Carlotta
AU - Mattiello, Amalia
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Ericson, Ulrika
AU - Sonestedt, Emily
AU - Winkvist, Anna
AU - Braaten, Tonje
AU - Romieu, Isabelle
AU - Sabaté, Joan
N1 - Funding Information:
PANACEA, which has received funding from the European Union, in the framework of the Public Health Programme (Project Number: 2005328). The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada; PI13/01162 to EPIC-Murcia), Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Mur-cia and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Research Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 and C8221/A19170 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk, MR/M012190/1 to EPIC-Oxford) (United Kingdom). The current study was financially supported by Loma Linda University (LLU Contract No. 2150183). JS received funding from the INC International Nut and Dried Fruit Council. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
PY - 2018/10/1
Y1 - 2018/10/1
N2 - Purpose: There is inconsistent evidence regarding the relationship between higher intake of nuts, being an energy-dense food, and weight gain. We investigated the relationship between nut intake and changes in weight over 5 years. Methods: This study includes 373,293 men and women, 25–70 years old, recruited between 1992 and 2000 from 10 European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Habitual intake of nuts including peanuts, together defined as nut intake, was estimated from country-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Body weight was measured at recruitment and self-reported 5 years later. The association between nut intake and body weight change was estimated using multilevel mixed linear regression models with center/country as random effect and nut intake and relevant confounders as fixed effects. The relative risk (RR) of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years was investigated using multivariate Poisson regressions stratified according to baseline body mass index (BMI). Results: On average, study participants gained 2.1 kg (SD 5.0 kg) over 5 years. Compared to non-consumers, subjects in the highest quartile of nut intake had less weight gain over 5 years (−0.07 kg; 95% CI −0.12 to −0.02) (P trend = 0.025) and had 5% lower risk of becoming overweight (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92–0.98) or obese (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90–0.99) (both P trend <0.008). Conclusions: Higher intake of nuts is associated with reduced weight gain and a lower risk of becoming overweight or obese.
AB - Purpose: There is inconsistent evidence regarding the relationship between higher intake of nuts, being an energy-dense food, and weight gain. We investigated the relationship between nut intake and changes in weight over 5 years. Methods: This study includes 373,293 men and women, 25–70 years old, recruited between 1992 and 2000 from 10 European countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Habitual intake of nuts including peanuts, together defined as nut intake, was estimated from country-specific validated dietary questionnaires. Body weight was measured at recruitment and self-reported 5 years later. The association between nut intake and body weight change was estimated using multilevel mixed linear regression models with center/country as random effect and nut intake and relevant confounders as fixed effects. The relative risk (RR) of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years was investigated using multivariate Poisson regressions stratified according to baseline body mass index (BMI). Results: On average, study participants gained 2.1 kg (SD 5.0 kg) over 5 years. Compared to non-consumers, subjects in the highest quartile of nut intake had less weight gain over 5 years (−0.07 kg; 95% CI −0.12 to −0.02) (P trend = 0.025) and had 5% lower risk of becoming overweight (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.92–0.98) or obese (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90–0.99) (both P trend <0.008). Conclusions: Higher intake of nuts is associated with reduced weight gain and a lower risk of becoming overweight or obese.
KW - Adults
KW - Energy balance
KW - Europe
KW - Nut intake
KW - Obesity
KW - Weight gain
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85025448370&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00394-017-1513-0
DO - 10.1007/s00394-017-1513-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 28733927
AN - SCOPUS:85025448370
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 57
SP - 2399
EP - 2408
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
IS - 7
ER -