@article{14f739f98c0742a196a9bbb878bd26e7,
title = "Nanomaterials and annelid immunity: A comparative survey to reveal the common stress and defense responses of two sentinel species to nanomaterials in the environment",
abstract = "Earthworms and leeches are sentinel animals that represent the annelid phylum within terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, respectively. One early stress signal in these organisms is related to innate immunity, but how nanomaterials affect it is poorly characterized. In this survey, we compare the latest literature on earthworm and leeches with examples of their molecular/cellular responses to inorganic (silver nanoparticles) and organic (carbon nanotubes) nanomaterials. A special focus is placed on the role of annelid immunocytes in the evolutionarily conserved antioxidant and immune mechanisms and protein corona formation and probable endocytosis pathways involved in nanomaterial uptake. Our summary helps to realize why these environmental sentinels are beneficial to study the potential detrimental effects of nanomaterials.",
keywords = "Earthworms, Innate immunity, Leeches, Nanoparticles, Stress",
author = "Korn{\'e}lia Bod{\'o} and Nicol{\'o} Baranzini and Rossana Girardello and Bohdana Kokhanyuk and P{\'e}ter N{\'e}meth and Yuya Hayashi and Annalisa Grimaldi and P{\'e}ter Engelmann",
note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the MIUR (Ministero dell?Universita? e della Ricerca) PRIN (program of scientific research of major national interest) 2010?2011 and by CARIPLO foundation 2012 (grant number CUPJ31J11004830003, URL http://www.fondazionecariplo.it. We acknowledge the financial support to the Medical School Research Foundation University of P?cs (PTE??OK?KA 2017/4), GINOP?232?15?2016?00050, EFOP?361?16?2016?00004. Electron microscopic studies were funded by the grant GINOP?2.3.3?15?2016?0002. The work was supported by the ?NKP?19?3?I New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology, K.B.; and the J?nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.E. The authors wish to thank Centro Grandi Attrezzature (CGA) of the University of Insubria for providing TEM and SEM instruments and the Association Amici dell?Insubria for the economic support. We would like to thank the help of L?szl? Seress and T?nde Farag? (University of P?cs) for sample preparation and TEM imaging. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",
year = "2020",
month = sep,
day = "23",
doi = "10.3390/biology9100307",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
pages = "1--22",
journal = "Biology",
issn = "2079-7737",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "10",
}