Metabolite biomarkers of chlorothalonil exposure in earthworms, coelomic fluid, and coelomocytes

Corey M. Griffith, Andrew C. Thai, Cynthia K. Larive*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review

30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) metabolomics is a useful indicator of toxicant exposure. Extracts of whole earthworms are most commonly used to measure metabolic perturbations, in addition to coelomic fluid which has been used on a more limited basis. Coelomocytes are free moving cells found within earthworm coelomic fluid, and the potential of this compartment has not been evaluated for its utility in earthworm metabolomics. In this study, earthworms were exposed to 18.5 and 37.0 mg/kg chlorothalonil, a commonly used fungicide that targets glutathione. The metabolic impacts of a 14-day chlorothalonil exposure were assessed using 1H NMR and targeted LC-MS measurements of earthworm, coelomic fluid, and coelomocyte extracts. Coelomic fluid was identified as the most sensitive matrix for measuring the effects of chlorothalonil exposure, where an increase in glutamine levels was the only biomarker observed at both doses. At the high dose, multiblocked-orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (MB-OPLS-DA) supported increased N-acetylserine and ophthalmic acid levels as additional biomarkers of exposure in coelomic fluid. These perturbations may indicate increased oxidative stress, although no changes in glutathione were observed in any matrix.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)435-443
Number of pages9
JournalScience of the Total Environment
Volume681
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Sept 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Eisenia fetida
  • Environmental metabolomics
  • LC-MS
  • Metabolic profiling
  • NMR

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