TY - JOUR
T1 - Metabolic Profiling of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Earthworm Coelomic Fluid Using 1 H NMR and GC-MS
AU - Griffith, Corey M.
AU - Morgan, Melissa A.
AU - Dinges, Meredith M.
AU - Mathon, Caroline
AU - Larive, Cynthia K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2018/8/3
Y1 - 2018/8/3
N2 - Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) are vital members of the soil environment. Because of their sensitivity to many contaminants, monitoring earthworm metabolism may be a useful indicator of environmental stressors. Here, metabolic profiles of exposure to five chloroacetanilide herbicides and one enantiomer (acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, racemic metolachlor, S-metolachlor, and propachlor) are observed in earthworm coelomic fluid using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multiblocked-orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (MB-OPLS-DA) and univariate analysis were used to identify metabolic perturbations in carnitine biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Intriguingly, stereospecific metabolic responses were observed between racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor exposed worms. These findings support the utility of coelomic fluid in monitoring metabolic perturbations induced by chloroacetanilide herbicides in nontarget organisms and reveal specificity in the metabolic impacts of herbicide analogues in earthworms.
AB - Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) are vital members of the soil environment. Because of their sensitivity to many contaminants, monitoring earthworm metabolism may be a useful indicator of environmental stressors. Here, metabolic profiles of exposure to five chloroacetanilide herbicides and one enantiomer (acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, racemic metolachlor, S-metolachlor, and propachlor) are observed in earthworm coelomic fluid using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multiblocked-orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (MB-OPLS-DA) and univariate analysis were used to identify metabolic perturbations in carnitine biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Intriguingly, stereospecific metabolic responses were observed between racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor exposed worms. These findings support the utility of coelomic fluid in monitoring metabolic perturbations induced by chloroacetanilide herbicides in nontarget organisms and reveal specificity in the metabolic impacts of herbicide analogues in earthworms.
KW - carnitine biosynthesis
KW - Eisenia fetida
KW - energy metabolism
KW - environmental metabolomics
KW - lipid metabolism
KW - structure-activity relationships
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049236510&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00081
DO - 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00081
M3 - Article
C2 - 29939029
AN - SCOPUS:85049236510
SN - 1535-3893
VL - 17
SP - 2611
EP - 2622
JO - Journal of Proteome Research
JF - Journal of Proteome Research
IS - 8
ER -