Longitudinal effects of diet quality on healthy aging - Focus on cardiometabolic health: findings from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)

Farhad Vahid; Piotr Wilk; Torsten Bohn

doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03058-9

Longitudinal effects of diet quality on healthy aging - Focus on cardiometabolic health: findings from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)

Farhad Vahid, Piotr Wilk, Torsten Bohn^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

NutriHealth

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Hypertension, a major concern for older adults, contributes to morbidity and mortality by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney dysfunction, and cognitive decline. A healthy diet plays a vital role in limiting chronic disease progression in aging populations. Aim: This study investigated the association between diet quality and healthy aging, focusing on blood pressure measurements (BPMs), using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Methods: Participants aged 45–85 years at baseline were followed for up to nine years. Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was determined based on the validated short diet questionnaire (SDQ). BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at baseline (2010), follow-up 1 (2015), and follow-up 2 (2018). Linear regression models (LRMs), linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), and latent change score models (LCSMs) examined the associations and longitudinal effect between MDS and BPMs, adjusted for potential confounders. Individuals who participated in all three waves (n = 25,377) were included. Results: Fully adjusted LRMs showed significant (p < 0.001) inverse associations between MDS and all BPMs across all time points, e.g., 1 unit increase in the MDS (min0-max50) was associated with a 0.058 mmHg decrease of diastolic BP (DBP) (β=-0.058), 0.052 mmHg systolic BP (SBP) (β=-0.052), and 0.056 mmHg MAP (β=-0.056). LCSMs indicated that a 1-unit higher baseline MDS was significantly associated with 0.090 mmHg reductions in DBP at follow-up 2 (β=-0.090,p < 0.001), 0.078 mmHg for SBP (β=-0.078,p = 0.002) and 0.076 mmHg for MAP (β=-0.076,p = 0.003). Changes in MDS during follow-ups showed no consistent significant associations with BPMs at follow-up 1 or 2. Discussion and conclusion: Higher MDS was associated with lower BPMs over time. This study highlights the role of diet quality in healthy aging and mitigating cardiometabolic risk in older adults.

Original language	English
Article number	157
Number of pages	14
Journal	Aging clinical and experimental research
Volume	37
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-025-03058-9
Publication status	Published - 16 May 2025

Keywords

Chronic disease
CLSA
Dietary indices
Dietary patterns
Hypertension prevention & control
Nutritional biomarkers
Vessel health
Healthy Aging/physiology
Blood Pressure/physiology
Diet, Mediterranean
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
Humans
Middle Aged
Male
Hypertension/prevention & control
Canada/epidemiology
Diet, Healthy
Aging/physiology
Aged, 80 and over
Female
Aged
Longitudinal Studies

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@article{c8e93aff163942cd8359693444946bc8,

title = "Longitudinal effects of diet quality on healthy aging - Focus on cardiometabolic health: findings from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)",

abstract = "Background: Hypertension, a major concern for older adults, contributes to morbidity and mortality by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney dysfunction, and cognitive decline. A healthy diet plays a vital role in limiting chronic disease progression in aging populations. Aim: This study investigated the association between diet quality and healthy aging, focusing on blood pressure measurements (BPMs), using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Methods: Participants aged 45–85 years at baseline were followed for up to nine years. Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was determined based on the validated short diet questionnaire (SDQ). BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at baseline (2010), follow-up 1 (2015), and follow-up 2 (2018). Linear regression models (LRMs), linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), and latent change score models (LCSMs) examined the associations and longitudinal effect between MDS and BPMs, adjusted for potential confounders. Individuals who participated in all three waves (n = 25,377) were included. Results: Fully adjusted LRMs showed significant (p < 0.001) inverse associations between MDS and all BPMs across all time points, e.g., 1 unit increase in the MDS (min0-max50) was associated with a 0.058 mmHg decrease of diastolic BP (DBP) (β=-0.058), 0.052 mmHg systolic BP (SBP) (β=-0.052), and 0.056 mmHg MAP (β=-0.056). LCSMs indicated that a 1-unit higher baseline MDS was significantly associated with 0.090 mmHg reductions in DBP at follow-up 2 (β=-0.090,p < 0.001), 0.078 mmHg for SBP (β=-0.078,p = 0.002) and 0.076 mmHg for MAP (β=-0.076,p = 0.003). Changes in MDS during follow-ups showed no consistent significant associations with BPMs at follow-up 1 or 2. Discussion and conclusion: Higher MDS was associated with lower BPMs over time. This study highlights the role of diet quality in healthy aging and mitigating cardiometabolic risk in older adults.",

keywords = "Chronic disease, CLSA, Dietary indices, Dietary patterns, Hypertension prevention & control, Nutritional biomarkers, Vessel health, Healthy Aging/physiology, Blood Pressure/physiology, Diet, Mediterranean, Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control, Humans, Middle Aged, Male, Hypertension/prevention & control, Canada/epidemiology, Diet, Healthy, Aging/physiology, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Aged, Longitudinal Studies",

author = "Farhad Vahid and Piotr Wilk and Torsten Bohn",

note = "Funding: The authors are grateful for the support of the Luxembourg National Research Fund (INTER/MOBILITY/2023/ BM/18029743/Nutri-Aging) and the Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH). We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Saverio Stranges, Head of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, for his valuable support through- out this project. In addition, This research was made possible using the data/biospecimens collected by the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Funding for the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) is provided by the Government of Canada through the sex-specific responses to dietary interventions, such as lipid metabolism or vascular function differences, could account for outcome variations [55]. Future research should explore these interactions in greater depth, employing stratified analyses or interaction models to identify subgroups that may benefit most from dietary interventions. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns, such as the MD, as part of public health initiatives to prevent hypertension and other cardio- metabolic diseases, particularly in older populations. The observed long-term benefits suggest that early dietary inter- ventions could have lasting effects on BP regulation and, thus, overall cardiovascular health. Hypertension is also strongly associated with multimorbidity, often coexisting with other chronic conditions such as diabetes [56], obesity [57], and kidney disease [58, 59]. When present together, these conditions create a complex interplay that signifi- cantly exacerbates health outcomes [60]. For instance, the combination of hypertension and diabetes accelerates the development of cardiovascular complications [61], while obesity further amplifies the strain on the cardiovascular system [62]. This co-occurrence of multiple chronic condi- tions often leads to greater healthcare utilization, decreased quality of life, and an increased risk of premature mortality [63]. Managing these interconnected conditions requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying risk factors, including diet, and emphasizes early intervention, lifestyle changes, coordinated care, and the adoption of dietary patterns such as the MD. Strengths of our study include the large number of partic- ipants and the nationwide character of the study, in addition to its longitudinal nature. Furthermore, using various statis- tical models, e.g., LMMs, LRMs, and LCSMs, allowed us to adjust for important confounders such as age, sex, physi- cal activity, and dwelling type, which may influence BPM outcomes. Considering these factors helped ensure that our findings were robust and not driven by other external variables. For example, dwelling type may reflect socioeco- nomic factors that could impact both diet and health [64], while physical activity is a well-known modulator of car- diovascular health [65]. Future studies could further explore the role of these confounders, particularly in more diverse subgroups, to refine our understanding of how dietary pat- terns such as the MD interact with broader lifestyle factors in influencing BP. Our study has several limitations. First, the observational nature of the analysis limits the ability to establish causal- ity. While the longitudinal design strengthens the evidence for temporal association, unmeasured/uncontrolled con- founders may still influence the results. Additionally, the reliance on self-reported dietary data introduces potential biases, such as recall bias or inaccuracies in the estimation1 3 Page 11 of 14 157 Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (2025) 37:157g ho / da t a/ t h em es / mo r t al i ty - an d -g l ob a l -h ea l t h - e s t i m a t e s Accessed 2024. 5. Organization WH (2019) Global Burden of Disease Collabora- tive Network, Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Results 6. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N et al (2019) Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9(th) edition. Dia- betes Res Clin Pract 157:107843. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 01 6 /j . di a br e s . 2 0 19 .1 0 7 8 4 3 7. Ong KL, Stafford LK, McLaughlin SA, Boyko EJ, Vollset SE, Smith AE et al (2023) Global, regional, and National burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet 402(10397):203–234. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 01 6 /S 0 14 0 - 6 7 3 6 ( 2 3 ) 0 1 3 0 1 - 6 8. Shi H, Xia Y, Cheng Y, Liang P, Cheng M, Zhang B et al (2024) Global burden of ischemic heart disease from 2022 to 2050: pro- jections of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted life years. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 1 0 . 1 09 3 /e h jq c c o / q c a e 0 4 9 9. Harris E (2024) Heart disease prevalence, medical costs will soar in US by 2050. JAMA 332(4):273. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 00 1 /j a ma . 2 0 2 4 . 11 0 2 6 10. Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Jauhari SM, Chan SP, Goh R, Kueh MTW et al (2024) Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: pro- jections from 2025 to 2050. Eur J Prev Cardiol. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 09 3 /e u rj p c / z w a e 2 8 1 11. Rony MKK, Parvin MR, Wahiduzzaman M, Akter K, Ullah M (2024) Challenges and advancements in the health-related quality of life of older people. Adv Public Health 2024(1):8839631 12. Ruiz-Castell M, Kandala N-B, Kuemmerle A, Schritz A, Barr{\'e} J, Delagardelle C et al (2016) Hypertension burden in Luxembourg: individual risk factors and geographic variations, 2013 to 2015 European health examination survey. Medicine 95(36):e4758. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 09 7 /m d .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 5 8 13. Seshadri S, Wolf PA, Beiser A, Vasan RS, Wilson PW, Kase CS et al (2001) Elevated midlife blood pressure increases stroke risk in elderly persons: the Framingham study. Arch Intern Med 161(19):2343–2350 14. Fuchs FD, Whelton PK (2020) High blood pressure and cardio- vascular disease. Hypertension 75(2):285–292 15. Zhang K, Ma Y, Luo Y, Song Y, Xiong G, Ma Y et al (2023) Meta- bolic diseases and healthy aging: identifying environmental and behavioral risk factors and promoting public health. Front Public Health 11:1253506 16. Lee PH, Wong FK (2015) The association between time spent in sedentary behaviors and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 45:867–880 17. Kumar V, Huligowda LKD, Umesh M, Chakraborty P, Thazeem B, Singh AP (2025) Environmental pollutants as emerging con- cerns for cardiac diseases: A review on their impacts on cardiac health. Biomedicines 13(1):241 18. D{\textquoteright}Souza J, Weuve J, Brook RD, Evans DA, Kaufman JD, Adar SD (2021) Long-term exposures to urban noise and blood pressure levels and control among older adults. Hypertension 78(6):1801–1808 19. Dong OM (2018) Excessive dietary sodium intake and elevated blood pressure: a review of current prevention and management strategies and the emerging role of pharmaconutrigenetics. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 1(1):7 20. Abrignani V, Salvo A, Pacinella G, Tuttolomondo A (2024) The mediterranean diet, its Microbiome connections, and cardiovas- cular health: A narrative review. Int J Mol Sci 25(9). h tt p s: / /d o i .o r g / 10 . 3 39 0 /i j ms 2 5 0 9 4 9 4 2 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) under grant reference: LSA 94473 and the Canada Foundation for Innovation, as well as the following provinces, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = may,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1007/s40520-025-03058-9",

language = "English",

volume = "37",

journal = "Aging clinical and experimental research",

issn = "1594-0667",

publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",

number = "1",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Longitudinal effects of diet quality on healthy aging - Focus on cardiometabolic health

T2 - findings from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)

AU - Vahid, Farhad

AU - Wilk, Piotr

AU - Bohn, Torsten

N1 - Funding: The authors are grateful for the support of the Luxembourg National Research Fund (INTER/MOBILITY/2023/ BM/18029743/Nutri-Aging) and the Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH). We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Saverio Stranges, Head of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, for his valuable support through- out this project. In addition, This research was made possible using the data/biospecimens collected by the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Funding for the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) is provided by the Government of Canada through the sex-specific responses to dietary interventions, such as lipid metabolism or vascular function differences, could account for outcome variations [55]. Future research should explore these interactions in greater depth, employing stratified analyses or interaction models to identify subgroups that may benefit most from dietary interventions. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns, such as the MD, as part of public health initiatives to prevent hypertension and other cardio- metabolic diseases, particularly in older populations. The observed long-term benefits suggest that early dietary inter- ventions could have lasting effects on BP regulation and, thus, overall cardiovascular health. Hypertension is also strongly associated with multimorbidity, often coexisting with other chronic conditions such as diabetes [56], obesity [57], and kidney disease [58, 59]. When present together, these conditions create a complex interplay that signifi- cantly exacerbates health outcomes [60]. For instance, the combination of hypertension and diabetes accelerates the development of cardiovascular complications [61], while obesity further amplifies the strain on the cardiovascular system [62]. This co-occurrence of multiple chronic condi- tions often leads to greater healthcare utilization, decreased quality of life, and an increased risk of premature mortality [63]. Managing these interconnected conditions requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying risk factors, including diet, and emphasizes early intervention, lifestyle changes, coordinated care, and the adoption of dietary patterns such as the MD. Strengths of our study include the large number of partic- ipants and the nationwide character of the study, in addition to its longitudinal nature. Furthermore, using various statis- tical models, e.g., LMMs, LRMs, and LCSMs, allowed us to adjust for important confounders such as age, sex, physi- cal activity, and dwelling type, which may influence BPM outcomes. Considering these factors helped ensure that our findings were robust and not driven by other external variables. For example, dwelling type may reflect socioeco- nomic factors that could impact both diet and health [64], while physical activity is a well-known modulator of car- diovascular health [65]. Future studies could further explore the role of these confounders, particularly in more diverse subgroups, to refine our understanding of how dietary pat- terns such as the MD interact with broader lifestyle factors in influencing BP. Our study has several limitations. First, the observational nature of the analysis limits the ability to establish causal- ity. While the longitudinal design strengthens the evidence for temporal association, unmeasured/uncontrolled con- founders may still influence the results. Additionally, the reliance on self-reported dietary data introduces potential biases, such as recall bias or inaccuracies in the estimation1 3 Page 11 of 14 157 Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (2025) 37:157g ho / da t a/ t h em es / mo r t al i ty - an d -g l ob a l -h ea l t h - e s t i m a t e s Accessed 2024. 5. Organization WH (2019) Global Burden of Disease Collabora- tive Network, Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Results 6. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N et al (2019) Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9(th) edition. Dia- betes Res Clin Pract 157:107843. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 01 6 /j . di a br e s . 2 0 19 .1 0 7 8 4 3 7. Ong KL, Stafford LK, McLaughlin SA, Boyko EJ, Vollset SE, Smith AE et al (2023) Global, regional, and National burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet 402(10397):203–234. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 01 6 /S 0 14 0 - 6 7 3 6 ( 2 3 ) 0 1 3 0 1 - 6 8. Shi H, Xia Y, Cheng Y, Liang P, Cheng M, Zhang B et al (2024) Global burden of ischemic heart disease from 2022 to 2050: pro- jections of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted life years. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 1 0 . 1 09 3 /e h jq c c o / q c a e 0 4 9 9. Harris E (2024) Heart disease prevalence, medical costs will soar in US by 2050. JAMA 332(4):273. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 00 1 /j a ma . 2 0 2 4 . 11 0 2 6 10. Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Jauhari SM, Chan SP, Goh R, Kueh MTW et al (2024) Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: pro- jections from 2025 to 2050. Eur J Prev Cardiol. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 09 3 /e u rj p c / z w a e 2 8 1 11. Rony MKK, Parvin MR, Wahiduzzaman M, Akter K, Ullah M (2024) Challenges and advancements in the health-related quality of life of older people. Adv Public Health 2024(1):8839631 12. Ruiz-Castell M, Kandala N-B, Kuemmerle A, Schritz A, Barré J, Delagardelle C et al (2016) Hypertension burden in Luxembourg: individual risk factors and geographic variations, 2013 to 2015 European health examination survey. Medicine 95(36):e4758. h t t p s: / /d o i .o rg / 10 . 1 09 7 /m d .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 5 8 13. Seshadri S, Wolf PA, Beiser A, Vasan RS, Wilson PW, Kase CS et al (2001) Elevated midlife blood pressure increases stroke risk in elderly persons: the Framingham study. Arch Intern Med 161(19):2343–2350 14. Fuchs FD, Whelton PK (2020) High blood pressure and cardio- vascular disease. Hypertension 75(2):285–292 15. Zhang K, Ma Y, Luo Y, Song Y, Xiong G, Ma Y et al (2023) Meta- bolic diseases and healthy aging: identifying environmental and behavioral risk factors and promoting public health. Front Public Health 11:1253506 16. Lee PH, Wong FK (2015) The association between time spent in sedentary behaviors and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 45:867–880 17. Kumar V, Huligowda LKD, Umesh M, Chakraborty P, Thazeem B, Singh AP (2025) Environmental pollutants as emerging con- cerns for cardiac diseases: A review on their impacts on cardiac health. Biomedicines 13(1):241 18. D’Souza J, Weuve J, Brook RD, Evans DA, Kaufman JD, Adar SD (2021) Long-term exposures to urban noise and blood pressure levels and control among older adults. Hypertension 78(6):1801–1808 19. Dong OM (2018) Excessive dietary sodium intake and elevated blood pressure: a review of current prevention and management strategies and the emerging role of pharmaconutrigenetics. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 1(1):7 20. Abrignani V, Salvo A, Pacinella G, Tuttolomondo A (2024) The mediterranean diet, its Microbiome connections, and cardiovas- cular health: A narrative review. Int J Mol Sci 25(9). h tt p s: / /d o i .o r g / 10 . 3 39 0 /i j ms 2 5 0 9 4 9 4 2 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) under grant reference: LSA 94473 and the Canada Foundation for Innovation, as well as the following provinces, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.

PY - 2025/5/16

Y1 - 2025/5/16

N2 - Background: Hypertension, a major concern for older adults, contributes to morbidity and mortality by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney dysfunction, and cognitive decline. A healthy diet plays a vital role in limiting chronic disease progression in aging populations. Aim: This study investigated the association between diet quality and healthy aging, focusing on blood pressure measurements (BPMs), using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Methods: Participants aged 45–85 years at baseline were followed for up to nine years. Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was determined based on the validated short diet questionnaire (SDQ). BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at baseline (2010), follow-up 1 (2015), and follow-up 2 (2018). Linear regression models (LRMs), linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), and latent change score models (LCSMs) examined the associations and longitudinal effect between MDS and BPMs, adjusted for potential confounders. Individuals who participated in all three waves (n = 25,377) were included. Results: Fully adjusted LRMs showed significant (p < 0.001) inverse associations between MDS and all BPMs across all time points, e.g., 1 unit increase in the MDS (min0-max50) was associated with a 0.058 mmHg decrease of diastolic BP (DBP) (β=-0.058), 0.052 mmHg systolic BP (SBP) (β=-0.052), and 0.056 mmHg MAP (β=-0.056). LCSMs indicated that a 1-unit higher baseline MDS was significantly associated with 0.090 mmHg reductions in DBP at follow-up 2 (β=-0.090,p < 0.001), 0.078 mmHg for SBP (β=-0.078,p = 0.002) and 0.076 mmHg for MAP (β=-0.076,p = 0.003). Changes in MDS during follow-ups showed no consistent significant associations with BPMs at follow-up 1 or 2. Discussion and conclusion: Higher MDS was associated with lower BPMs over time. This study highlights the role of diet quality in healthy aging and mitigating cardiometabolic risk in older adults.

AB - Background: Hypertension, a major concern for older adults, contributes to morbidity and mortality by increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney dysfunction, and cognitive decline. A healthy diet plays a vital role in limiting chronic disease progression in aging populations. Aim: This study investigated the association between diet quality and healthy aging, focusing on blood pressure measurements (BPMs), using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Methods: Participants aged 45–85 years at baseline were followed for up to nine years. Mediterranean diet score (MDS) was determined based on the validated short diet questionnaire (SDQ). BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at baseline (2010), follow-up 1 (2015), and follow-up 2 (2018). Linear regression models (LRMs), linear mixed-effects models (LMMs), and latent change score models (LCSMs) examined the associations and longitudinal effect between MDS and BPMs, adjusted for potential confounders. Individuals who participated in all three waves (n = 25,377) were included. Results: Fully adjusted LRMs showed significant (p < 0.001) inverse associations between MDS and all BPMs across all time points, e.g., 1 unit increase in the MDS (min0-max50) was associated with a 0.058 mmHg decrease of diastolic BP (DBP) (β=-0.058), 0.052 mmHg systolic BP (SBP) (β=-0.052), and 0.056 mmHg MAP (β=-0.056). LCSMs indicated that a 1-unit higher baseline MDS was significantly associated with 0.090 mmHg reductions in DBP at follow-up 2 (β=-0.090,p < 0.001), 0.078 mmHg for SBP (β=-0.078,p = 0.002) and 0.076 mmHg for MAP (β=-0.076,p = 0.003). Changes in MDS during follow-ups showed no consistent significant associations with BPMs at follow-up 1 or 2. Discussion and conclusion: Higher MDS was associated with lower BPMs over time. This study highlights the role of diet quality in healthy aging and mitigating cardiometabolic risk in older adults.

KW - Chronic disease

KW - CLSA

KW - Dietary indices

KW - Dietary patterns

KW - Hypertension prevention & control

KW - Nutritional biomarkers

KW - Vessel health

KW - Healthy Aging/physiology

KW - Blood Pressure/physiology

KW - Diet, Mediterranean

KW - Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control

KW - Humans

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Male

KW - Hypertension/prevention & control

KW - Canada/epidemiology

KW - Diet, Healthy

KW - Aging/physiology

KW - Aged, 80 and over

KW - Female

KW - Aged

KW - Longitudinal Studies

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DO - 10.1007/s40520-025-03058-9

M3 - Article

C2 - 40377823

AN - SCOPUS:105005398826

SN - 1594-0667

VL - 37

JO - Aging clinical and experimental research

JF - Aging clinical and experimental research

IS - 1

M1 - 157

ER -

Longitudinal effects of diet quality on healthy aging - Focus on cardiometabolic health: findings from the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)

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