TY - JOUR
T1 - Long Noncoding RNAs and Cardiac Disease
AU - Greco, Simona
AU - Somoza, Antonio Salgado
AU - Devaux, Yvan
AU - Martelli, Fabio
N1 - Funding Information:
F.M. and S.G. are supported by Ministero della Salute (Ricerca Corrente, 5X1000, RF-2011-02347907, and PE-2011-02348537), Telethon Italy (grant No. GGP14092), and AFM Telethon (grant No. 18477). A.S.S. and Y.D. are funded by the Ministry of Culture, Higher Education and Research and the National Research Fund of Luxembourg (grant No. C14/BM/8225223). Figures were partly generated by using Servier Medical Art.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
PY - 2018/9/20
Y1 - 2018/9/20
N2 - Significance: To maintain homeostasis, gene expression has to be tightly regulated by complex and multiple mechanisms occurring at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. One crucial regulatory component is represented by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), nonprotein-coding RNA species implicated in all of these levels. Thus, lncRNAs have been associated with any given process or pathway of interest in a variety of systems, including the heart. Recent Advances: Mounting evidence implicates lncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and progression and their presence in the blood of heart disease patients indicates that they are attractive potential biomarkers. Critical Issues: Our understanding of the regulation and molecular mechanisms of action of most lncRNAs remains rudimentary. A challenge is represented by their often low evolutionary sequence conservation that limits the use of animal models for preclinical studies. Nevertheless, a growing number of lncRNAs with an impact on heart function is rapidly accumulating. In this study, we will discuss (i) lncRNAs that control heart homeostasis and disease; (ii) concepts, approaches, and methodologies necessary to study lncRNAs in the heart; and (iii) challenges posed and opportunities presented by lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Future Directions: A deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underpinning CVDs is necessary to develop more effective treatments. Further studies are needed to clarify the regulation and function of lncRNAs in the heart before they can be considered as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers.
AB - Significance: To maintain homeostasis, gene expression has to be tightly regulated by complex and multiple mechanisms occurring at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. One crucial regulatory component is represented by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), nonprotein-coding RNA species implicated in all of these levels. Thus, lncRNAs have been associated with any given process or pathway of interest in a variety of systems, including the heart. Recent Advances: Mounting evidence implicates lncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and progression and their presence in the blood of heart disease patients indicates that they are attractive potential biomarkers. Critical Issues: Our understanding of the regulation and molecular mechanisms of action of most lncRNAs remains rudimentary. A challenge is represented by their often low evolutionary sequence conservation that limits the use of animal models for preclinical studies. Nevertheless, a growing number of lncRNAs with an impact on heart function is rapidly accumulating. In this study, we will discuss (i) lncRNAs that control heart homeostasis and disease; (ii) concepts, approaches, and methodologies necessary to study lncRNAs in the heart; and (iii) challenges posed and opportunities presented by lncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Future Directions: A deeper knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underpinning CVDs is necessary to develop more effective treatments. Further studies are needed to clarify the regulation and function of lncRNAs in the heart before they can be considered as therapeutic targets and disease biomarkers.
KW - biomarkers
KW - gene expression
KW - heart diseases
KW - long noncoding RNAs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85051344479&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1089/ars.2017.7126
DO - 10.1089/ars.2017.7126
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28699361
AN - SCOPUS:85051344479
SN - 1523-0864
VL - 29
SP - 880
EP - 901
JO - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling
JF - Antioxidants and Redox Signaling
IS - 9
ER -