TY - JOUR
T1 - Keeping Allergen Names Clear and Defined
AU - Chan, Sanny K.
AU - Pomés, Anna
AU - Hilger, Christiane
AU - Davies, Janet M.
AU - Mueller, Geoffrey
AU - Kuehn, Annette
AU - Lopata, Andreas L.
AU - Gadermaier, Gabriele
AU - van Hage, Marianne
AU - Raulf, Monika
AU - Goodman, Richard E.
AU - WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI), European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), and International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).
Funding Information:
This article was prepared on behalf of the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee shown at www.allergen.org. Funding. This work was supported by American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI), European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), and International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2019 Chan, Pomés, Hilger, Davies, Mueller, Kuehn, Lopata, Gadermaier, van Hage, Raulf and Goodman.
PY - 2019/11/19
Y1 - 2019/11/19
N2 - The World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO/IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee was established in 1986 by leading allergists to standardize names given to proteins that cause IgE-mediated reactions in humans. The Sub-Committee's objective is to assign unique names to allergens based on a critical analysis of confidentially submitted biochemical and clinical data from researchers, often prior to publication to preserve consistency. The Sub-Committee maintains and revises the database as the understanding of allergens evolves. This report summarizes recent developments that led to updates in classification of cockroach group 1 and 5 allergens to animal as well as environmental and occupational allergens. Interestingly, routes, doses, and frequency of exposure often affects allergenicity as does the biochemical properties of the proteins and similarity to self and other proteins. Information required by the Sub-Committee now is more extensive than previously as technology has improved. Identification of new allergens requires identification of the amino acid sequence and physical characteristics of the protein as well as demonstration of IgE binding from subjects verified by described clinical histories, proof of the presence of the protein in relevant exposure substances, and demonstration of biological activity (skin prick tests, activation of basophils, or mast cells). Names are assigned based on taxonomy with the abbreviation of genus and species and assignment of a number, which reflects the priority of discovery, but more often now, the relationships with homologous proteins in related species.
AB - The World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO/IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee was established in 1986 by leading allergists to standardize names given to proteins that cause IgE-mediated reactions in humans. The Sub-Committee's objective is to assign unique names to allergens based on a critical analysis of confidentially submitted biochemical and clinical data from researchers, often prior to publication to preserve consistency. The Sub-Committee maintains and revises the database as the understanding of allergens evolves. This report summarizes recent developments that led to updates in classification of cockroach group 1 and 5 allergens to animal as well as environmental and occupational allergens. Interestingly, routes, doses, and frequency of exposure often affects allergenicity as does the biochemical properties of the proteins and similarity to self and other proteins. Information required by the Sub-Committee now is more extensive than previously as technology has improved. Identification of new allergens requires identification of the amino acid sequence and physical characteristics of the protein as well as demonstration of IgE binding from subjects verified by described clinical histories, proof of the presence of the protein in relevant exposure substances, and demonstration of biological activity (skin prick tests, activation of basophils, or mast cells). Names are assigned based on taxonomy with the abbreviation of genus and species and assignment of a number, which reflects the priority of discovery, but more often now, the relationships with homologous proteins in related species.
KW - WHO/IUIS
KW - airway
KW - allergen nomenclature
KW - dermal
KW - diagnostic
KW - food
KW - taxonomy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85075988505&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31798576
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02600
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02600
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31798576
AN - SCOPUS:85075988505
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 10
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
M1 - 2600
ER -