International versus national growth charts for identifying small and large-for-gestational age newborns: A population-based study in 15 European countries

Alice Hocquette*, Mélanie Durox, Rachael Wood, Kari Klungsøyr, Katarzyna Szamotulska, Sylvan Berrut, Tonia Rihs, Theopisti Kyprianou, Luule Sakkeus, Aline Lecomte, Irisa Zile, Sophie Alexander, Jeannette Klimont, Henrique Barros, Miriam Gatt, Jelena Isakova, Béatrice Blondel, Mika Gissler, Jennifer Zeitlin

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review

    51 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Background: To inform the on-going debate about the use of universal prescriptive versus national intrauterine growth charts, we compared perinatal mortality for small and large-for-gestational-age (SGA/LGA) infants according to international and national charts in Europe. Methods: We classified singleton births from 33 to 42 weeks of gestation in 2010 and 2014 from 15 countries (N = 1,475,457) as SGA (birthweight <10th percentile) and LGA (>90th percentile) using the international Intergrowth-21st newborn standards and national charts based on the customised charts methodology. We computed sex-adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for stillbirth, neonatal and extended perinatal mortality by this classification using multilevel models. Findings: SGA and LGA prevalence using national charts were near 10% in all countries, but varied according to international charts with a north to south gradient (3.0% to 10.1% and 24.9% to 8.0%, respectively). Compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants by both charts, risk of perinatal mortality was increased for SGA by both charts (aOR[95% confidence interval (CI)]=6.1 [5.6–6.7]) and infants reclassified by international charts from SGA to AGA (2.7 [2.3–3.1]), but decreased for those reclassified from AGA to LGA (0.6 [0.4–0.7]). Results were similar for stillbirth and neonatal death. Interpretation: Using international instead of national charts in Europe could lead to growth restricted infants being reclassified as having normal growth, while infants with low risks of mortality could be reclassified as having excessive growth. Funding: InfAct Joint Action, CHAFEA Grant n°801,553 and EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking ConcePTION grant n°821,520. AH received a PhD grant from EHESP.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number100167
    JournalThe Lancet Regional Health - Europe
    Volume8
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Sept 2021

    Keywords

    • fetal growth
    • fetal growth charts
    • large for gestational age
    • small for gestational age

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