TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of new tetrahydroxylated metabolites of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in hair as biomarkers of exposure and signature of DNA adduct levels
AU - Grova, Nathalie
AU - Antignac, Jean Philippe
AU - Hardy, Emilie M.
AU - Monteau, Fabrice
AU - Pouponneau, Karine
AU - Le Bizec, Bruno
AU - Appenzeller, Brice M.R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the MESR (Luxembourg Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche), ADEME (agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l’énergie, Grant 1394C0079 ) and ANSES (agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement du travail). The authors are most grateful to Chantal Courtois, Stephanie Sallai and Anaïs Oudin for their technical assistance. Compliance with Ethical Standards: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/12/1
Y1 - 2017/12/1
N2 - The present study addresses the hypothesis that the concentration of tetrahydroxylated Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (tetra-OH-PAHs) in hair might be a useful biomarker of human exposure to PAHs, providing quantitative assessment of the internal dose, as well as information on the associated toxicity in relation to individual's specific metabolism. By means of animal models, this work aimed at identifying new tetra-OH-PAHs which can be released from the hydrolysis of DNA-adducts and can also be directly detected in biological matrices usually used in the field of biomonitoring such as hair and urine. Results obtained from a targeted gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) approach, demonstrated the presence of 8 tetrahydroxylated metabolites in DNA and 23 in hairs of rats exposed to mixtures of PAHs, which had never been analyzed before. Ten tetra-OH-PAHs were clearly characterized by using their analytical standards, corresponding to 4 parent PAHs (phenanthrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene) whereas 13 tetra-OH-PAHs from 3 other parents (anthracene, fluoranthene and benz[k]fluoranthene) were detected but not yet characterized. No tetrahydroxylated metabolite has been clearly identified for naphthalene, fluorene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, or dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, which can all potentially form adducts. The relevance of tetra-OH-PAH analysis in hair as biomarkers of PAH exposure was evaluated in a dose-response study conducted on 64 rats (Long Evans females/n = 8 per groups) under repeated exposure (3 times per week) to a mixture of 16 PAHs at low doses (0.01–0.8 mg/kg) for 90 days. Most of the tetra-OH-PAHs targeted in the method were detected in the hairs of the rats, regardless of the dose of exposure. Significant linear relationships (R2 ranging from 0.558 to 0.964, p < 0.001) were observed between the administered dose and the tetra-OH-PAH concentrations in the hairs for 20 out of the 23 metabolites. By widening the range of PAH metabolites used as biomarkers of exposure so as to include the analysis of PAH tetrahydroxylated forms (especially those exhibiting more than 5 aromatic rings), the present methodology will enable multi-exposure assessments which are more accurately representative of actual situations of exposure to PAHs.
AB - The present study addresses the hypothesis that the concentration of tetrahydroxylated Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (tetra-OH-PAHs) in hair might be a useful biomarker of human exposure to PAHs, providing quantitative assessment of the internal dose, as well as information on the associated toxicity in relation to individual's specific metabolism. By means of animal models, this work aimed at identifying new tetra-OH-PAHs which can be released from the hydrolysis of DNA-adducts and can also be directly detected in biological matrices usually used in the field of biomonitoring such as hair and urine. Results obtained from a targeted gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) approach, demonstrated the presence of 8 tetrahydroxylated metabolites in DNA and 23 in hairs of rats exposed to mixtures of PAHs, which had never been analyzed before. Ten tetra-OH-PAHs were clearly characterized by using their analytical standards, corresponding to 4 parent PAHs (phenanthrene, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene) whereas 13 tetra-OH-PAHs from 3 other parents (anthracene, fluoranthene and benz[k]fluoranthene) were detected but not yet characterized. No tetrahydroxylated metabolite has been clearly identified for naphthalene, fluorene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, or dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, which can all potentially form adducts. The relevance of tetra-OH-PAH analysis in hair as biomarkers of PAH exposure was evaluated in a dose-response study conducted on 64 rats (Long Evans females/n = 8 per groups) under repeated exposure (3 times per week) to a mixture of 16 PAHs at low doses (0.01–0.8 mg/kg) for 90 days. Most of the tetra-OH-PAHs targeted in the method were detected in the hairs of the rats, regardless of the dose of exposure. Significant linear relationships (R2 ranging from 0.558 to 0.964, p < 0.001) were observed between the administered dose and the tetra-OH-PAH concentrations in the hairs for 20 out of the 23 metabolites. By widening the range of PAH metabolites used as biomarkers of exposure so as to include the analysis of PAH tetrahydroxylated forms (especially those exhibiting more than 5 aromatic rings), the present methodology will enable multi-exposure assessments which are more accurately representative of actual situations of exposure to PAHs.
KW - DNA
KW - GC-API-HRMS
KW - GC-MS/MS
KW - Hair
KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
KW - Tetrahydroxylated metabolites
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85031899222&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.002
DO - 10.1016/j.aca.2017.10.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 29126482
AN - SCOPUS:85031899222
SN - 0003-2670
VL - 995
SP - 65
EP - 76
JO - Analytica Chimica Acta
JF - Analytica Chimica Acta
ER -