TY - JOUR
T1 - Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure
T2 - comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
AU - Appenzeller, Brice M.R.
AU - Hardy, Emilie M.
AU - Grova, Nathalie
AU - Chata, Caroline
AU - Faÿs, François
AU - Briand, Olivier
AU - Schroeder, Henri
AU - Duca, Radu Corneliu
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Heather Farr for her support on editing the manuscript, and Jean-Charles Olry for providing technical support for animal maintenance. This study was carried out in the framework of the call for Research Project 2010 of the National Research Programme for Environmental and Occupational Health’ (PNR-EST) of the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire, de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail), with the financial support of the National Office for Water and Aquatic Environments (ONEMA, Office National de l’Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques) supporting the implementation of the Plan Ecophyto 2018, France. Radu-Corneliu Duca benefited from a postdoctoral grant from the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR, Fonds National de la Recherche) (AFR 1069412), Luxembourg. Caroline Chata benefited from a Ph.D. grant from the FNR (AFR 7009593), Luxembourg.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, The Author(s).
PY - 2017/8/1
Y1 - 2017/8/1
N2 - Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in hair. We also compared the results obtained from a hair analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ hair (RPearson 0.453–0.978, p < 0.01). A comparison with results from urine and plasma samples demonstrated the relevance of hair analysis and, for many chemicals, its superiority over using fluids for differentiating animals from different groups and for re-attributing animals to their correct groups of exposure based on pesticide concentrations in the matrix. Therefore, this study strongly supports hair analysis as a reliable tool to be used during epidemiological studies to investigate exposure-associated adverse health effects.
AB - Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in hair. We also compared the results obtained from a hair analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ hair (RPearson 0.453–0.978, p < 0.01). A comparison with results from urine and plasma samples demonstrated the relevance of hair analysis and, for many chemicals, its superiority over using fluids for differentiating animals from different groups and for re-attributing animals to their correct groups of exposure based on pesticide concentrations in the matrix. Therefore, this study strongly supports hair analysis as a reliable tool to be used during epidemiological studies to investigate exposure-associated adverse health effects.
KW - Biomonitoring
KW - Exposure
KW - Hair analysis
KW - Pesticide
KW - Plasma
KW - Urine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85007248794&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00204-016-1910-9
DO - 10.1007/s00204-016-1910-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 28011991
AN - SCOPUS:85007248794
SN - 0340-5761
VL - 91
SP - 2813
EP - 2825
JO - Archives of Toxicology
JF - Archives of Toxicology
IS - 8
ER -