TY - JOUR
T1 - Guidance for establishing and applying tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and essential minerals
T2 - Draft for internal testing
AU - Turck, Dominique
AU - Bohn, Torsten
AU - Castenmiller, Jacqueline
AU - De Henauw, Stefaan
AU - Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico
AU - Knutsen, Helle Katrine
AU - Maciuk, Alexandre
AU - Mangelsdorf, Inge
AU - McArdle, Harry J.
AU - Peláez, Carmen
AU - Pentieva, Kristina
AU - Siani, Alfonso
AU - Thies, Frank
AU - Tsabouri, Sophia
AU - Vinceti, Marco
AU - Aggett, Peter
AU - Crous Bou, Marta
AU - Cubadda, Francesco
AU - de Sesmaisons Lecarré, Agnès
AU - Martino, Laura
AU - Naska, Androniki
AU - EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA)
N1 - Funding Information:
The NDA Panel?wishes to thank for the support provided to this scientific output: the hearing expert Josef Schlatter; the EFSA staff Laura Ciccollalo, Ionut Craciun, Ariane Titz and Silvia Valtuena Martinez.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA on behalf of the European Food Safety Authority.
PY - 2022/1
Y1 - 2022/1
N2 - Vitamins and essential minerals are micronutrients that are essential for the normal functioning of the human body. However, they may lead to adverse health effects if consumed in excess. The concept of a tolerable upper intake level (UL) is a science-based reference value, which was introduced to support policy-makers and other relevant actors in managing the risks of excess nutrient intake. EFSA’s principles for establishing ULs for vitamins and minerals were originally developed by the Scientific Committee on Food in 2000. Since then, experience has been gained and the scientific field developed. This guidance from the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens provides an updated framework to support EFSA’s UL assessments. It covers aspects related to the planning of the risk assessment (problem formulation and definition of methods) and its implementation (evidence retrieval, appraisal, synthesis, integration, uncertainty analysis). As in the previous framework, the general principles developed for the risk assessment of chemicals in food are applied (hazard identification, hazard characterisation, intake assessment, risk characterisation). Peculiar to nutrients are their biochemical and physiological roles and the specific and selective mechanisms that maintain the systemic homoeostasis and body burden of the nutrient. These must be considered when conducting a risk assessment of nutrients. This document constitutes a draft guidance that will be applied in EFSA’s assessments during a 1-year pilot phase and be revised and complemented as necessary. Before finalisation of the guidance, a public consultation will be launched.
AB - Vitamins and essential minerals are micronutrients that are essential for the normal functioning of the human body. However, they may lead to adverse health effects if consumed in excess. The concept of a tolerable upper intake level (UL) is a science-based reference value, which was introduced to support policy-makers and other relevant actors in managing the risks of excess nutrient intake. EFSA’s principles for establishing ULs for vitamins and minerals were originally developed by the Scientific Committee on Food in 2000. Since then, experience has been gained and the scientific field developed. This guidance from the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens provides an updated framework to support EFSA’s UL assessments. It covers aspects related to the planning of the risk assessment (problem formulation and definition of methods) and its implementation (evidence retrieval, appraisal, synthesis, integration, uncertainty analysis). As in the previous framework, the general principles developed for the risk assessment of chemicals in food are applied (hazard identification, hazard characterisation, intake assessment, risk characterisation). Peculiar to nutrients are their biochemical and physiological roles and the specific and selective mechanisms that maintain the systemic homoeostasis and body burden of the nutrient. These must be considered when conducting a risk assessment of nutrients. This document constitutes a draft guidance that will be applied in EFSA’s assessments during a 1-year pilot phase and be revised and complemented as necessary. Before finalisation of the guidance, a public consultation will be launched.
KW - dietary reference value
KW - mineral
KW - tolerable upper intake level
KW - UL
KW - vitamin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125294984&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35106096
U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200102
DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200102
M3 - Article
C2 - 35106096
AN - SCOPUS:85125294984
SN - 1831-4732
VL - 20
JO - EFSA Journal
JF - EFSA Journal
IS - 1
M1 - e200102
ER -