TY - JOUR
T1 - Facial exposure to ultraviolet radiation
T2 - Predicted sun protection effectiveness of various hat styles
AU - Backes, Claudine
AU - Religi, Arianna
AU - Moccozet, Laurent
AU - Vuilleumier, Laurent
AU - Vernez, David
AU - Bulliard, Jean Luc
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2018/9
Y1 - 2018/9
N2 - Background/Purpose: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses received by individuals are highly influenced by behavioural and environmental factors. This study aimed at quantifying hats’ sun protection effectiveness in various exposure conditions, by predicting UVR exposure doses and their anatomical distributions. Methods: A well-defined 3-dimensional head morphology and 4 hat styles (a cap, a helmet, a middle- and a wide-brimmed hat) were added to a previously published model. Midday (12:00-14:00) and daily (08:00-17:00) seasonal UVR doses were estimated at various facial skin zones, with and without hat wear, accounting for each UVR component. Protection effectiveness was calculated by the relative reduction in predicted UVR dose, expressed as a predictive protection factor (PPF). Results: The unprotected entire face received 2.5 times higher UVR doses during a summer midday compared to a winter midday (3.3 vs 1.3 standard erythema dose [SED]) with highest doses received at the nose (6.1 SED). During a cloudless summer day, the lowest mean UVR dose is received by the entire face protected by a wide-brimmed hat (1.7 SED). No hat reached 100% protection at any facial skin zone (PPFmax: 76%). Hats’ sun protection effectiveness varied highly with environmental conditions and was mainly limited by the high contribution of diffuse UVR, irrespective of hat style. Larger brim sizes afforded greater facial protection than smaller brim sizes except around midday when the sun position is high. Conclusion: Consideration of diffuse and reflected UVR in sun educational messages could improve sun protection effectiveness.
AB - Background/Purpose: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) doses received by individuals are highly influenced by behavioural and environmental factors. This study aimed at quantifying hats’ sun protection effectiveness in various exposure conditions, by predicting UVR exposure doses and their anatomical distributions. Methods: A well-defined 3-dimensional head morphology and 4 hat styles (a cap, a helmet, a middle- and a wide-brimmed hat) were added to a previously published model. Midday (12:00-14:00) and daily (08:00-17:00) seasonal UVR doses were estimated at various facial skin zones, with and without hat wear, accounting for each UVR component. Protection effectiveness was calculated by the relative reduction in predicted UVR dose, expressed as a predictive protection factor (PPF). Results: The unprotected entire face received 2.5 times higher UVR doses during a summer midday compared to a winter midday (3.3 vs 1.3 standard erythema dose [SED]) with highest doses received at the nose (6.1 SED). During a cloudless summer day, the lowest mean UVR dose is received by the entire face protected by a wide-brimmed hat (1.7 SED). No hat reached 100% protection at any facial skin zone (PPFmax: 76%). Hats’ sun protection effectiveness varied highly with environmental conditions and was mainly limited by the high contribution of diffuse UVR, irrespective of hat style. Larger brim sizes afforded greater facial protection than smaller brim sizes except around midday when the sun position is high. Conclusion: Consideration of diffuse and reflected UVR in sun educational messages could improve sun protection effectiveness.
KW - prevention
KW - protection effectiveness
KW - skin cancer
KW - sun exposure
KW - ultraviolet radiation (uv)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047783468&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/phpp.12388
DO - 10.1111/phpp.12388
M3 - Article
C2 - 29682802
AN - SCOPUS:85047783468
SN - 0905-4383
VL - 34
SP - 330
EP - 337
JO - Photodermatology Photoimmunology and Photomedicine
JF - Photodermatology Photoimmunology and Photomedicine
IS - 5
ER -