TY - JOUR
T1 - Evolutionary genomics and conservation of the endangered Przewalski's horse
AU - Der Sarkissian, Clio
AU - Ermini, Luca
AU - Schubert, Mikkel
AU - Yang, Melinda A.
AU - Librado, Pablo
AU - Fumagalli, Matteo
AU - Jónsson, Hákon
AU - Bar-Gal, Gila Kahila
AU - Albrechtsen, Anders
AU - Vieira, Filipe G.
AU - Petersen, Bent
AU - Ginolhac, Aurélien
AU - Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
AU - Magnussen, Kim
AU - Fages, Antoine
AU - Gamba, Cristina
AU - Lorente-Galdos, Belen
AU - Polani, Sagi
AU - Steiner, Cynthia
AU - Neuditschko, Markus
AU - Jagannathan, Vidhya
AU - Feh, Claudia
AU - Greenblatt, Charles L.
AU - Ludwig, Arne
AU - Abramson, Natalia I.
AU - Zimmermann, Waltraut
AU - Schafberg, Renate
AU - Tikhonov, Alexei
AU - Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas
AU - Willerslev, Eske
AU - Marques-Bonet, Tomas
AU - Ryder, Oliver A.
AU - McCue, Molly
AU - Rieder, Stefan
AU - Leeb, Tosso
AU - Slatkin, Montgomery
AU - Orlando, Ludovic
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/10/5
Y1 - 2015/10/5
N2 - Przewalski's horses (PHs, Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii) were discovered in the Asian steppes in the 1870s and represent the last remaining true wild horses. PHs became extinct in the wild in the 1960s but survived in captivity, thanks to major conservation efforts. The current population is still endangered, with just 2,109 individuals, one-quarter of which are in Chinese and Mongolian reintroduction reserves [1]. These horses descend from a founding population of 12 wild-caught PHs and possibly up to four domesticated individuals [2-4]. With a stocky build, an erect mane, and stripped and short legs, they are phenotypically and behaviorally distinct from domesticated horses (DHs, Equus caballus). Here, we sequenced the complete genomes of 11 PHs, representing all founding lineages, and five historical specimens dated to 1878-1929 CE, including the Holotype. These were compared to the hitherto-most-extensive genome dataset characterized for horses, comprising 21 new genomes. We found that loci showing the most genetic differentiation with DHs were enriched in genes involved in metabolism, cardiac disorders, muscle contraction, reproduction, behavior, and signaling pathways. We also show that DH and PH populations split ∼45,000 years ago and have remained connected by gene-flow thereafter. Finally, we monitor the genomic impact of ∼110 years of captivity, revealing reduced heterozygosity, increased inbreeding, and variable introgression of domestic alleles, ranging from non-detectable to as much as 31.1%. This, together with the identification of ancestry informative markers and corrections to the International Studbook, establishes a framework for evaluating the persistence of genetic variation in future reintroduced populations.
AB - Przewalski's horses (PHs, Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii) were discovered in the Asian steppes in the 1870s and represent the last remaining true wild horses. PHs became extinct in the wild in the 1960s but survived in captivity, thanks to major conservation efforts. The current population is still endangered, with just 2,109 individuals, one-quarter of which are in Chinese and Mongolian reintroduction reserves [1]. These horses descend from a founding population of 12 wild-caught PHs and possibly up to four domesticated individuals [2-4]. With a stocky build, an erect mane, and stripped and short legs, they are phenotypically and behaviorally distinct from domesticated horses (DHs, Equus caballus). Here, we sequenced the complete genomes of 11 PHs, representing all founding lineages, and five historical specimens dated to 1878-1929 CE, including the Holotype. These were compared to the hitherto-most-extensive genome dataset characterized for horses, comprising 21 new genomes. We found that loci showing the most genetic differentiation with DHs were enriched in genes involved in metabolism, cardiac disorders, muscle contraction, reproduction, behavior, and signaling pathways. We also show that DH and PH populations split ∼45,000 years ago and have remained connected by gene-flow thereafter. Finally, we monitor the genomic impact of ∼110 years of captivity, revealing reduced heterozygosity, increased inbreeding, and variable introgression of domestic alleles, ranging from non-detectable to as much as 31.1%. This, together with the identification of ancestry informative markers and corrections to the International Studbook, establishes a framework for evaluating the persistence of genetic variation in future reintroduced populations.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84943405119&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.032
DO - 10.1016/j.cub.2015.08.032
M3 - Article
C2 - 26412128
AN - SCOPUS:84943405119
SN - 0960-9822
VL - 25
SP - 2577
EP - 2583
JO - Current Biology
JF - Current Biology
IS - 19
ER -