Dietary fibers boost gut microbiota-produced B vitamin pool and alter host immune landscape

Erica T. Grant, Amy Parrish (Main author), Marie Boudaud, Oliver Hunewald, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Markus Ollert, Shinji Fukuda, Mahesh S. Desai*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review

Abstract

Background: Dietary fibers can alter microbial metabolic output in support of healthy immune function; however, the impact of distinct fiber sources and immunomodulatory effects beyond short-chain fatty acid production are underexplored. In an effort to discern the effects of diverse fibers on host immunity, we employed five distinct rodent diets with varying fiber content and source in specific-pathogen-free, gnotobiotic (containing a 14-member synthetic human gut microbiota), and germ-free mice. Results: Broad-scale metabolomics analysis of cecal contents revealed that fiber deprivation consistently reduced the concentrations of microbiota-produced B vitamins. This phenomenon was not always explained by reduced biosynthesis, rather, metatranscriptomic analyses pointed toward increased microbial usage of certain B vitamins under fiber-free conditions, ultimately resulting in a net reduction of host-available B vitamins. Broad immunophenotyping indicated that the local gut effector immune populations and activated T cells accumulate in a microbiota-dependent manner. Supplementation with the prebiotic inulin recovered the availability of microbially produced B vitamins and restored immune homeostasis. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential to use defined fiber polysaccharides to boost microbiota-derived B vitamin availability in an animal model and to regulate local innate and adaptive immune populations of the host. 3RFNfpFMTQsk1TPSJTH8Z9Video abstract.

Original languageEnglish
Article number179
JournalMicrobiome
Volume12
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2024

Keywords

  • B vitamins
  • Dietary fiber
  • Mass cytometry
  • Microbiome

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