TY - JOUR
T1 - Consumption of soft drinks and juices and risk of liver and biliary tract cancers in a European cohort
AU - Stepien, Magdalena
AU - Duarte-Salles, Talita
AU - Fedirko, Veronika
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Lagiou, Pagona
AU - Bamia, Christina
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Tjønneland, Anne
AU - Hansen, Louise
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie Christine
AU - Fagherazzi, Guy
AU - Severi, Gianluca
AU - Kühn, Tilman
AU - Kaaks, Rudolf
AU - Aleksandrova, Krasimira
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Klinaki, Eleni
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - Grioni, Sara
AU - Panico, Salvatore
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Naccarati, Alessio
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
AU - Peeters, Petra H.
AU - Skeie, Guri
AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete
AU - Parr, Christine L.
AU - Quirós, José Ramón
AU - Buckland, Genevieve
AU - Molina-Montes, Esther
AU - Amiano, Pilar
AU - Chirlaque, Maria Dolores
AU - Ardanaz, Eva
AU - Sonestedt, Emily
AU - Ericson, Ulrika
AU - Wennberg, Maria
AU - Nilsson, Lena Maria
AU - Khaw, Kay Tee
AU - Wareham, Nick
AU - Bradbury, Kathryn E.
AU - Ward, Heather A.
AU - Romieu, Isabelle
AU - Jenab, Mazda
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
PY - 2016/2/1
Y1 - 2016/2/1
N2 - Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess associations between intake of combined soft drinks (sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened) and fruit and vegetable juices and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic bile duct (IHBC) and biliary tract cancers (GBTC) using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort of 477,206 participants from 10 European countries. Methods: After 11.4 years of follow-up, 191 HCC, 66 IHBC and 236 GBTC cases were identified. Hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (HR; 95 % CI) were estimated with Cox regression models with multivariable adjustment (baseline total energy intake, alcohol consumption and intake pattern, body mass index, physical activity, level of educational attainment and self-reported diabetes status). Results: No risk associations were observed for IHBC or GBTC. Combined soft drinks consumption of >6 servings/week was positively associated with HCC risk: HR 1.83; 95 % CI 1.11–3.02, ptrend = 0.01 versus non-consumers. In sub-group analyses available for 91 % of the cohort artificially sweetened soft drinks increased HCC risk by 6 % per 1 serving increment (HR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.03–1.09, ncases = 101); for sugar-sweetened soft drinks, this association was null (HR 1.00, 95 % CI 0.95–1.06; ncases = 127, pheterogeneity = 0.07). Juice consumption was not associated with HCC risk, except at very low intakes (<1 serving/week: HR 0.60; 95 % CI 0.38–0.95; ptrend = 0.02 vs. non-consumers). Conclusions: Daily intake of combined soft drinks is positively associated with HCC, but a differential association between sugar and artificially sweetened cannot be discounted. This study provides some insight into possible associations of HCC with sugary drinks intake. Further exploration in other settings is required.
AB - Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess associations between intake of combined soft drinks (sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened) and fruit and vegetable juices and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic bile duct (IHBC) and biliary tract cancers (GBTC) using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort of 477,206 participants from 10 European countries. Methods: After 11.4 years of follow-up, 191 HCC, 66 IHBC and 236 GBTC cases were identified. Hazard ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (HR; 95 % CI) were estimated with Cox regression models with multivariable adjustment (baseline total energy intake, alcohol consumption and intake pattern, body mass index, physical activity, level of educational attainment and self-reported diabetes status). Results: No risk associations were observed for IHBC or GBTC. Combined soft drinks consumption of >6 servings/week was positively associated with HCC risk: HR 1.83; 95 % CI 1.11–3.02, ptrend = 0.01 versus non-consumers. In sub-group analyses available for 91 % of the cohort artificially sweetened soft drinks increased HCC risk by 6 % per 1 serving increment (HR 1.06, 95 % CI 1.03–1.09, ncases = 101); for sugar-sweetened soft drinks, this association was null (HR 1.00, 95 % CI 0.95–1.06; ncases = 127, pheterogeneity = 0.07). Juice consumption was not associated with HCC risk, except at very low intakes (<1 serving/week: HR 0.60; 95 % CI 0.38–0.95; ptrend = 0.02 vs. non-consumers). Conclusions: Daily intake of combined soft drinks is positively associated with HCC, but a differential association between sugar and artificially sweetened cannot be discounted. This study provides some insight into possible associations of HCC with sugary drinks intake. Further exploration in other settings is required.
KW - Biliary tract cancers
KW - Fruit and vegetable juice
KW - Hepatocellular carcinoma
KW - Prospective cohort
KW - Soft drink
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84957433881&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00394-014-0818-5
DO - 10.1007/s00394-014-0818-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 25528243
AN - SCOPUS:84957433881
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 55
SP - 7
EP - 20
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
IS - 1
ER -