TY - JOUR
T1 - Consumption of milk and other dairy products and incidence of Parkinson’s disease
T2 - a prospective cohort study in French women
AU - Hajji‑Louati, Mariem
AU - Portugal, Berta
AU - Correia, Emmanuelle
AU - Laouali, Nasser
AU - Lee, Pei Chen
AU - Artaud, Fanny
AU - Roze, Emmanuel
AU - Mancini, Francesca Romana
AU - Elbaz, Alexis
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
PY - 2024/9
Y1 - 2024/9
N2 - Previous studies showed positive associations between milk intake and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in men but not in women, but few studies were available in women. Due to the long prodromal PD phase, reverse causation represents a major threat to investigations of diet in PD; cohort studies with a long follow-up are needed. We investigated associations between intake of milk and other dairy products with PD incidence in women from the E3N cohort study (1993–2018). PD diagnoses were validated using medical records and drug claim databases. Diet was assessed via a dietary questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. Exposures were lagged by 5y in main analyses and longer lags in sensitivity analyses. We examined the impact of adjustment for premotor symptoms (constipation/depression). During a mean follow-up of 18.8y, 845 of 71,542 women developed PD. Main analyses showed a J-shaped association between total milk intake and PD (P-non linearity = 0.045), with a significant linear positive association among drinkers (HR/1-SD = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.18, P = 0.024), that was explained in secondary analyses by a different pattern of association for plain milk (alone or with cereals) and milk added to drinks (tea/coffee/chicory). PD incidence increased significantly with plain milk consumption (HR/1-SD = 1.08 [1.02–1.14], P = 0.014). A U-shaped relation was observed for milk added to drinks (P-non linearity = 0.038), with lower PD incidence in women with moderate consumption (HR = 0.77 [0.61–0.97], P = 0.030) and no difference between non-drinkers and those with the highest consumption (HR = 0.98 [0.79–1.21], P = 0.848). Findings were similar in analyses using longer lags and adjusted for constipation/depression. Consumption of other dairy products was not associated with PD. A J-shaped association between total milk intake and PD was explained by a different pattern of association for plain milk intake and milk added to drinks. Reverse causation is unlikely to explain a positive association of plain milk with PD incidence in women. The U-shaped relation for milk added to drinks could be explained by an interaction between milk and coffee/tea/chicory. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
AB - Previous studies showed positive associations between milk intake and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in men but not in women, but few studies were available in women. Due to the long prodromal PD phase, reverse causation represents a major threat to investigations of diet in PD; cohort studies with a long follow-up are needed. We investigated associations between intake of milk and other dairy products with PD incidence in women from the E3N cohort study (1993–2018). PD diagnoses were validated using medical records and drug claim databases. Diet was assessed via a dietary questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. Exposures were lagged by 5y in main analyses and longer lags in sensitivity analyses. We examined the impact of adjustment for premotor symptoms (constipation/depression). During a mean follow-up of 18.8y, 845 of 71,542 women developed PD. Main analyses showed a J-shaped association between total milk intake and PD (P-non linearity = 0.045), with a significant linear positive association among drinkers (HR/1-SD = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.18, P = 0.024), that was explained in secondary analyses by a different pattern of association for plain milk (alone or with cereals) and milk added to drinks (tea/coffee/chicory). PD incidence increased significantly with plain milk consumption (HR/1-SD = 1.08 [1.02–1.14], P = 0.014). A U-shaped relation was observed for milk added to drinks (P-non linearity = 0.038), with lower PD incidence in women with moderate consumption (HR = 0.77 [0.61–0.97], P = 0.030) and no difference between non-drinkers and those with the highest consumption (HR = 0.98 [0.79–1.21], P = 0.848). Findings were similar in analyses using longer lags and adjusted for constipation/depression. Consumption of other dairy products was not associated with PD. A J-shaped association between total milk intake and PD was explained by a different pattern of association for plain milk intake and milk added to drinks. Reverse causation is unlikely to explain a positive association of plain milk with PD incidence in women. The U-shaped relation for milk added to drinks could be explained by an interaction between milk and coffee/tea/chicory. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
KW - Cohort
KW - Dairy
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Milk
KW - Parkinson’s disease
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - France/epidemiology
KW - Humans
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Risk Factors
KW - Incidence
KW - Parkinson Disease/epidemiology
KW - Diet/statistics & numerical data
KW - Animals
KW - Dairy Products/statistics & numerical data
KW - Female
KW - Adult
KW - Surveys and Questionnaires
KW - Aged
KW - Cohort Studies
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85204452158&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39294525/
U2 - 10.1007/s10654-024-01152-2
DO - 10.1007/s10654-024-01152-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 39294525
AN - SCOPUS:85204452158
SN - 0393-2990
VL - 39
SP - 1023
EP - 1036
JO - European Journal of Epidemiology
JF - European Journal of Epidemiology
IS - 9
ER -