TY - JOUR
T1 - Cognition and Other Non-Motor Symptoms in an At-Risk Cohort for Parkinson's Disease Defined by REM-Sleep Behavior Disorder and Hyposmia
AU - Pauly, Laure
AU - Rauschenberger, Armin
AU - Pauly, Claire
AU - Schröder, Valerie E
AU - Van Cutsem, Gilles
AU - Leist, Anja K
AU - Krüger, Rejko
AU - NCER-PD Consortium
N1 - FUNDING
Data used in the preparation of this manuscript were obtained from the National Centre of Excellence in Research on Parkinson’s Disease (NCER-PD), which is funded by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR/NCER13/BM/11264123)
PY - 2024/4/23
Y1 - 2024/4/23
N2 - BACKGROUND: REM-sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and other non-motor symptoms such as hyposmia were proposed by the Movement Disorder Society as research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease (P-PD). Global cognitive deficit was later added.OBJECTIVE: To compare non-motor symptoms, focusing on cognition, between a P-PD group and a matched control group.METHODS: In this cross-sectional, case-control study, in a first set of analyses, we performed extensive cognitive testing on people with (n = 76) and a control group without (n = 195) probable RBD and hyposmia. Furthermore, we assessed motor and non-motor symptoms related to Parkinson's Disease (PD). After propensity score matching, we compared 62 P-PD with 62 age- and sex-matched controls. In addition, we performed regression analyses on the total sample (n = 271). In a second set of analyses, we used, a.o., the CUPRO to evaluate retrograde procedural memory and visuo-constructive functions.RESULTS: People with P-PD showed significantly poorer performances in global cognition, visuo-constructive and executive functions, mainly in mental flexibility (p < 0.001; p = 0.004; p = 0.003), despite similar educational levels (p = 0.415). We observed significantly more motor and non-motor symptoms (p < 0.001; p = 0.004), higher scores for depression (p = 0.004) and apathy (p < 0.001) as well as lower quality of life (p < 0.001) in P-PD.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that global cognitive, executive, and visuo-constructive deficits define the P-PD group. In addition, depression, apathy, and lower quality of life were more prevalent in P-PD. If replicated in other samples, executive and visuo-constructive deficits should be considered in non-motor P-PD. Determining specific patterns will support early recognition of PD, secondary prevention of complications and the development of neuroprotective treatments.
AB - BACKGROUND: REM-sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and other non-motor symptoms such as hyposmia were proposed by the Movement Disorder Society as research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease (P-PD). Global cognitive deficit was later added.OBJECTIVE: To compare non-motor symptoms, focusing on cognition, between a P-PD group and a matched control group.METHODS: In this cross-sectional, case-control study, in a first set of analyses, we performed extensive cognitive testing on people with (n = 76) and a control group without (n = 195) probable RBD and hyposmia. Furthermore, we assessed motor and non-motor symptoms related to Parkinson's Disease (PD). After propensity score matching, we compared 62 P-PD with 62 age- and sex-matched controls. In addition, we performed regression analyses on the total sample (n = 271). In a second set of analyses, we used, a.o., the CUPRO to evaluate retrograde procedural memory and visuo-constructive functions.RESULTS: People with P-PD showed significantly poorer performances in global cognition, visuo-constructive and executive functions, mainly in mental flexibility (p < 0.001; p = 0.004; p = 0.003), despite similar educational levels (p = 0.415). We observed significantly more motor and non-motor symptoms (p < 0.001; p = 0.004), higher scores for depression (p = 0.004) and apathy (p < 0.001) as well as lower quality of life (p < 0.001) in P-PD.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that global cognitive, executive, and visuo-constructive deficits define the P-PD group. In addition, depression, apathy, and lower quality of life were more prevalent in P-PD. If replicated in other samples, executive and visuo-constructive deficits should be considered in non-motor P-PD. Determining specific patterns will support early recognition of PD, secondary prevention of complications and the development of neuroprotective treatments.
KW - Humans
KW - Parkinson Disease/complications
KW - REM Sleep Behavior Disorder/etiology
KW - Male
KW - Female
KW - Aged
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW - Case-Control Studies
KW - Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
KW - Anosmia/etiology
KW - Prodromal Symptoms
KW - Executive Function/physiology
KW - Neuropsychological Tests
KW - Cognition/physiology
UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38669560
U2 - 10.3233/JPD-230285
DO - 10.3233/JPD-230285
M3 - Article
C2 - 38669560
SN - 1877-7171
VL - 14
SP - 545
EP - 556
JO - Journal of Parkinson's Disease
JF - Journal of Parkinson's Disease
IS - 3
ER -