Chronic insomnia, high trait anxiety and their comorbidity as risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pauline Duquenne*, Cécilia Samieri, Stéphanie Chambaron, Marie Claude Brindisi, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Pilar Galan, Serge Hercberg, Mathilde Touvier, Damien Léger, Léopold K. Fezeu, Valentina A. Andreeva*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleResearchpeer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the insomnia-anxiety comorbidity with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a large prospective cohort. We selected adults without diabetes at baseline from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort who had completed the trait anxiety subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T, 2013–2016) and a sleep questionnaire (2014); insomnia was defined according to established criteria. Using multivariable Cox models, we compared T2D risk across 4 groups: no insomnia or anxiety (reference), insomnia alone, anxiety alone (STAI-T ≥ 40), and comorbid anxiety and insomnia. Among 35,014 participants (mean baseline age: 52.4 ± 14.0 years; 76% women), 378 (1.1%) developed T2D over a mean follow-up of 5.9 ± 2.1 years. Overall, 28.5% of the sample had anxiety alone, 7.5%—insomnia alone, and 12.5%—both disorders. In the fully-adjusted model, a higher T2D risk was associated with anxiety-insomnia comorbidity (HR = 1.40; 95% CI 1.01, 1.94), but not with each disorder separately, compared to the group without insomnia or anxiety. The findings supported a positive association between anxiety-insomnia comorbidity and incident T2D among general-population adults. Future research using clinical diagnoses of mental disorders could confirm the findings and guide diabetes prevention programs.

Original languageEnglish
Article number11927
JournalScientific Reports
Volume14
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2024
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Anxiety
  • Comorbidity
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Insomnia
  • Mental health
  • Prospective study

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