TY - JOUR
T1 - Carotenoids in Health as Studied by Omics-Related Endpoints
AU - Bohn, Torsten
AU - Balbuena, Emilio
AU - Ulus, Hande
AU - Iddir, Mohammed
AU - Wang, Genan
AU - Crook, Nathan
AU - Eroglu, Abdulkerim
N1 - Funding Information:
AE received funds from the USDA NIFA AFRI Foundational and Applied Science Program (A1343 – Food and Human Health), Grant Award Number: 2022-67018-37188.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors
PY - 2023/11
Y1 - 2023/11
N2 - Carotenoids have been associated with risk reduction for several chronic diseases, including the association of their dietary intake/circulating levels with reduced incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and even lower total mortality. In addition to some carotenoids constituting vitamin A precursors, they are implicated in potential antioxidant effects and pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress, including transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Carotenoids and metabolites may also interact with nuclear receptors, mainly retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, which play a role in the immune system and cellular differentiation. Therefore, a large number of downstream targets are likely influenced by carotenoids, including but not limited to genes and proteins implicated in oxidative stress and inflammation, antioxidation, and cellular differentiation processes. Furthermore, recent studies also propose an association between carotenoid intake and gut microbiota. While all these endpoints could be individually assessed, a more complete/integrative way to determine a multitude of health-related aspects of carotenoids includes (multi)omics–related techniques, especially transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics, as well as metagenomics, measured in a variety of biospecimens including plasma, urine, stool, white blood cells, or other tissue cellular extracts. In this review, we highlight the use of omics technologies to assess health-related effects of carotenoids in mammalian organisms and models.
AB - Carotenoids have been associated with risk reduction for several chronic diseases, including the association of their dietary intake/circulating levels with reduced incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and even lower total mortality. In addition to some carotenoids constituting vitamin A precursors, they are implicated in potential antioxidant effects and pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress, including transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Carotenoids and metabolites may also interact with nuclear receptors, mainly retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, which play a role in the immune system and cellular differentiation. Therefore, a large number of downstream targets are likely influenced by carotenoids, including but not limited to genes and proteins implicated in oxidative stress and inflammation, antioxidation, and cellular differentiation processes. Furthermore, recent studies also propose an association between carotenoid intake and gut microbiota. While all these endpoints could be individually assessed, a more complete/integrative way to determine a multitude of health-related aspects of carotenoids includes (multi)omics–related techniques, especially transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics, as well as metagenomics, measured in a variety of biospecimens including plasma, urine, stool, white blood cells, or other tissue cellular extracts. In this review, we highlight the use of omics technologies to assess health-related effects of carotenoids in mammalian organisms and models.
KW - body tissues
KW - cellular compartments
KW - exposome
KW - health
KW - inflammation
KW - LC-MS-MS
KW - lutein
KW - lycopene
KW - metabolites
KW - oxidative stress
KW - transcription factors
KW - β-carotene
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85173374697&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37678712
U2 - 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.002
DO - 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37678712
SN - 2161-8313
VL - 14
SP - 1538
EP - 1578
JO - Advances in Nutrition
JF - Advances in Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -