TY - JOUR
T1 - Approaching sex differences in cardiovascular non-coding rna research
AU - Jusic, Amela
AU - Salgado-Somoza, Antonio
AU - Paes, Ana B.
AU - Stefanizzi, Francesca Maria
AU - Martínez-Alarcón, Núria
AU - Pinet, Florence
AU - Martelli, Fabio
AU - Devaux, Yvan
AU - Robinson, Emma Louise
AU - Novella, Susana
AU - EU-CardioRNA COST Action
N1 - Funding Information:
F.M. was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (?Ricerca Corrente? and ?5 ? 1000?) and by Telethon Foundation (GGP19035A). E.L.R. was funded by the CardioVasculair Onderzoek Nederland (CVON) EARLY-HFPEF-2015 consortium (Dutch Heart Foundation). Y.D. was funded by the National Research Fund (grants #C14/BM/8225223 and #C17/BM/11613033), the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, and the Society for Research on Cardiovascular Diseases of Luxembourg.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2020/7/2
Y1 - 2020/7/2
N2 - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest cause of sickness and mortality worldwide in both males and females. Clinical statistics demonstrate clear sex differences in risk, prevalence, mortality rates, and response to treatment for different entities of CVD. The reason for this remains poorly understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key mediators and biomarkers of CVD. Similarly, current knowledge on differential regulation, expression, and pathology-associated function of ncRNAs between sexes is minimal. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of what is known on sex differences in ncRNA research in CVD as well as discussing the contributing biological factors to this sex dimorphism including genetic and epigenetic factors and sex hormone regulation of transcription. We then focus on the experimental models of CVD and their use in translational ncRNA research in the cardiovascular field. In particular, we want to highlight the importance of considering sex of the cellular and pre-clinical models in clinical studies in ncRNA research and to carefully consider the appropriate experimental models most applicable to human patient populations. Moreover, we aim to identify sex-specific targets for treatment and diagnosis for the biggest socioeconomic health problem globally.
AB - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest cause of sickness and mortality worldwide in both males and females. Clinical statistics demonstrate clear sex differences in risk, prevalence, mortality rates, and response to treatment for different entities of CVD. The reason for this remains poorly understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key mediators and biomarkers of CVD. Similarly, current knowledge on differential regulation, expression, and pathology-associated function of ncRNAs between sexes is minimal. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of what is known on sex differences in ncRNA research in CVD as well as discussing the contributing biological factors to this sex dimorphism including genetic and epigenetic factors and sex hormone regulation of transcription. We then focus on the experimental models of CVD and their use in translational ncRNA research in the cardiovascular field. In particular, we want to highlight the importance of considering sex of the cellular and pre-clinical models in clinical studies in ncRNA research and to carefully consider the appropriate experimental models most applicable to human patient populations. Moreover, we aim to identify sex-specific targets for treatment and diagnosis for the biggest socioeconomic health problem globally.
KW - Androgen
KW - Cardiovascular diseases
KW - Estrogen
KW - Experimental models
KW - LncRNA
KW - MiRNA
KW - NcRNA
KW - Receptors
KW - Vascular cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85087641112&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ijms21144890
DO - 10.3390/ijms21144890
M3 - Review article
C2 - 32664454
AN - SCOPUS:85087641112
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 21
SP - 1
EP - 31
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 14
M1 - 4890
ER -