Abstract
The autonomic nervous system is a master regulator of homeostatic processes and stress responses. Sympathetic noradrenergic nerve fibers decrease bone mass, but the role of cholinergic signaling in bone has remained largely unknown. Here, we describe that early postnatally, a subset of sympathetic nerve fibers undergoes an interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced cholinergic switch upon contacting the bone. A neurotrophic dependency mediated through GDNF-family receptor-α2 (GFRα2) and its ligand, neurturin (NRTN), is established between sympathetic cholinergic fibers and bone-embedded osteocytes, which require cholinergic innervation for their survival and connectivity. Bone-lining osteoprogenitors amplify and propagate cholinergic signals in the bone marrow (BM). Moderate exercise augments trabecular bone partly through an IL-6-dependent expansion of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibers. Consequently, loss of cholinergic skeletal innervation reduces osteocyte survival and function, causing osteopenia and impaired skeletal adaptation to moderate exercise. These results uncover a cholinergic neuro-osteocyte interface that regulates skeletogenesis and skeletal turnover through bone-anabolic effects.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 528-544.e9 |
| Journal | Cell Stem Cell |
| Volume | 29 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| Early online date | 8 Mar 2022 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 7 Apr 2022 |
Keywords
- anabolic
- autonomic
- bone
- cholinergic
- development
- exercise
- neuroskeletal
- osteocyte
- skeletal
- sympathetic
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A cholinergic neuroskeletal interface promotes bone formation during postnatal growth and exercise. / Gadomski, Stephen; Fielding, Claire; García-García, Andrés; Korn, Claudia; Kapeni, Chrysa; Ashraf, Sadaf; Villadiego, Javier; Toro, Raquel Del; Domingues, Olivia; Skepper, Jeremy N; Michel, Tatiana; Zimmer, Jacques; Sendtner, Regine; Dillon, Scott; Poole, Kenneth E S; Holdsworth, Gill; Sendtner, Michael; Toledo-Aral, Juan J; De Bari, Cosimo; McCaskie, Andrew W; Robey, Pamela G; Méndez-Ferrer, Simón.
In: Cell Stem Cell, Vol. 29, No. 4, 07.04.2022, p. 528-544.e9.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - A cholinergic neuroskeletal interface promotes bone formation during postnatal growth and exercise
AU - Gadomski, Stephen
AU - Fielding, Claire
AU - García-García, Andrés
AU - Korn, Claudia
AU - Kapeni, Chrysa
AU - Ashraf, Sadaf
AU - Villadiego, Javier
AU - Toro, Raquel Del
AU - Domingues, Olivia
AU - Skepper, Jeremy N
AU - Michel, Tatiana
AU - Zimmer, Jacques
AU - Sendtner, Regine
AU - Dillon, Scott
AU - Poole, Kenneth E S
AU - Holdsworth, Gill
AU - Sendtner, Michael
AU - Toledo-Aral, Juan J
AU - De Bari, Cosimo
AU - McCaskie, Andrew W
AU - Robey, Pamela G
AU - Méndez-Ferrer, Simón
N1 - Funding Information: We thank the Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel) for data discussion (T. Lapidot) and for providing TACE inhibitor (I. Sagi, A. Hanuna, and O. Kollet); E. Chu (NIH/NIAMS) and V. Kram (NIH/NIDCR) for assistance with ?CT analysis and dynamic histomorphometry data, S. Ozanne (University of Cambridge) for treadmill and A. Horton and A. Davies (Cardiff University) for demonstrating SGC culture protocol; M. Airaksinen for Gfra2?/? mice; E. Khatib-Massalha, E. Grockowiak, Z. Fang, and other members of the S.M.-F. group for support and data discussion; A.R. Green and M. Birch (University of Cambridge), A. Pascual and J. L?pez-Barneo (Universidad de Sevilla) for data discussion; P. Chac?n-Fern?ndez, N. Su?rez-Luna, F.J. Mart?n, and C.O. Pintado, in memoriam, (Centro de Experimentaci?n Animal; CEA, Universidad de Sevilla), D. Pask, T. Hamilton (University of Cambridge), the Central Biomedical Services, and Cambridge NIHR BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub for technical assistance; Genentech for providing tocilizumab; UCB Pharma for providing Scl-Ab r13c7. S.G. was supported by the NIH-OXCAM Program and the Gates Cambridge Trust. A.G.G. received fellowships from Ram?n Areces and La Caixa Foundations. C.K. was supported by Marie Curie Career Integration grant H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-70841. M.S. and R.S. were supported by DFG, Se 697/7-1 and BMBF through the EnergI consortium TP6. J.V. and J.J.T.-A. were supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI12/02574), Junta de Andalucia (P12-CTS-2739), and, together with S.M.-F. by Red TerCel (ISCIII-Spanish Cell Therapy Network). S.A. and C.D.B. were supported by Versus Arthritis grant 21156. A.W.M. received funding from Versus Arthritis (21156). P.G.R. and S.G. were supported by the DIR, NIDCR, a part of the IRP, NIH, and DHHS (1ZIADE000380). K.E.S.P. acknowledges the support of the Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. This work was supported by core support grants from MRC to the Cambridge Stem Cell Institute; National Health Service Blood and Transplant (United Kingdom), European Union's Horizon 2020 research (ERC-2014-CoG-648765), MRC-AMED grant MR/V005421/1, and a Programme Foundation Award (C61367/A26670) from Cancer Research UK to S.M.-F. This research was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust (203151/Z/16/Z). For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. S.G. designed, performed, and analyzed most experiments, prepared figures and wrote the manuscript. C.F. A.G.-G. C. Korn, S.A. J.V. R.d.T. O.D. J.N.S. and R.S. performed experiments and analyses. T.M. J.Z. K.P. G.H. M.S. J.J.T.-A. C.D.B. A.W.M. and P.G.R. provided critical advice and resources for this project. S.M.-F. designed the overall study, supervised experiments, and wrote the manuscript. All authors edited the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: We thank the Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel) for data discussion (T. Lapidot) and for providing TACE inhibitor (I. Sagi, A. Hanuna, and O. Kollet); E. Chu (NIH/NIAMS) and V. Kram (NIH/NIDCR) for assistance with μCT analysis and dynamic histomorphometry data, S. Ozanne (University of Cambridge) for treadmill and A. Horton and A. Davies (Cardiff University) for demonstrating SGC culture protocol; M. Airaksinen for Gfra2 −/− mice; E. Khatib-Massalha, E. Grockowiak, Z. Fang, and other members of the S.M.-F. group for support and data discussion; A.R. Green and M. Birch (University of Cambridge), A. Pascual and J. López-Barneo (Universidad de Sevilla) for data discussion; P. Chacón-Fernández, N. Suárez-Luna, F.J. Martín, and C.O. Pintado, in memoriam, (Centro de Experimentación Animal; CEA, Universidad de Sevilla), D. Pask, T. Hamilton (University of Cambridge), the Central Biomedical Services, and Cambridge NIHR BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub for technical assistance; Genentech for providing tocilizumab; UCB Pharma for providing Scl-Ab r13c7. S.G. was supported by the NIH -OXCAM Program and the Gates Cambridge Trust . A.G.G. received fellowships from Ramón Areces and La Caixa Foundations. C.K. was supported by Marie Curie Career Integration grant H2020 - MSCA-IF-2015-70841 . M.S. and R.S. were supported by DFG , Se 697/7-1 and BMBF through the EnergI consortium TP6. J.V. and J.J.T.-A. were supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III ( PI12/02574 ), Junta de Andalucia ( P12-CTS-2739 ), and, together with S.M.-F., by Red TerCel (ISCIII-Spanish Cell Therapy Network). S.A. and C.D.B. were supported by Versus Arthritis grant 21156 . A.W.M. received funding from Versus Arthritis ( 21156 ). P.G.R. and S.G. were supported by the DIR , NIDCR , a part of the IRP, NIH, and DHHS ( 1ZIADE000380 ). K.E.S.P. acknowledges the support of the Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre . This work was supported by core support grants from MRC to the Cambridge Stem Cell Institute ; National Health Service Blood and Transplant (United Kingdom), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research ( ERC-2014-CoG-648765 ), MRC- AMED grant MR/V005421/1 , and a Programme Foundation Award ( C61367/A26670 ) from Cancer Research UK to S.M.-F. This research was funded in part by the Wellcome Trust ( 203151/Z/16/Z ). For the purpose of Open Access, the authors have applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/4/7
Y1 - 2022/4/7
N2 - The autonomic nervous system is a master regulator of homeostatic processes and stress responses. Sympathetic noradrenergic nerve fibers decrease bone mass, but the role of cholinergic signaling in bone has remained largely unknown. Here, we describe that early postnatally, a subset of sympathetic nerve fibers undergoes an interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced cholinergic switch upon contacting the bone. A neurotrophic dependency mediated through GDNF-family receptor-α2 (GFRα2) and its ligand, neurturin (NRTN), is established between sympathetic cholinergic fibers and bone-embedded osteocytes, which require cholinergic innervation for their survival and connectivity. Bone-lining osteoprogenitors amplify and propagate cholinergic signals in the bone marrow (BM). Moderate exercise augments trabecular bone partly through an IL-6-dependent expansion of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibers. Consequently, loss of cholinergic skeletal innervation reduces osteocyte survival and function, causing osteopenia and impaired skeletal adaptation to moderate exercise. These results uncover a cholinergic neuro-osteocyte interface that regulates skeletogenesis and skeletal turnover through bone-anabolic effects.
AB - The autonomic nervous system is a master regulator of homeostatic processes and stress responses. Sympathetic noradrenergic nerve fibers decrease bone mass, but the role of cholinergic signaling in bone has remained largely unknown. Here, we describe that early postnatally, a subset of sympathetic nerve fibers undergoes an interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced cholinergic switch upon contacting the bone. A neurotrophic dependency mediated through GDNF-family receptor-α2 (GFRα2) and its ligand, neurturin (NRTN), is established between sympathetic cholinergic fibers and bone-embedded osteocytes, which require cholinergic innervation for their survival and connectivity. Bone-lining osteoprogenitors amplify and propagate cholinergic signals in the bone marrow (BM). Moderate exercise augments trabecular bone partly through an IL-6-dependent expansion of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibers. Consequently, loss of cholinergic skeletal innervation reduces osteocyte survival and function, causing osteopenia and impaired skeletal adaptation to moderate exercise. These results uncover a cholinergic neuro-osteocyte interface that regulates skeletogenesis and skeletal turnover through bone-anabolic effects.
KW - anabolic
KW - autonomic
KW - bone
KW - cholinergic
KW - development
KW - exercise
KW - neuroskeletal
KW - osteocyte
KW - skeletal
KW - sympathetic
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127354047&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35276096
U2 - 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.008
DO - 10.1016/j.stem.2022.02.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 35276096
VL - 29
SP - 528-544.e9
JO - Cell Stem Cell
JF - Cell Stem Cell
SN - 1934-5909
IS - 4
ER -